Down By the Greenwood Sidey- Delorme (NY) c1890, Flanders F
[Fragment from Flanders, Ancient Ballads p. 230-238 (Child 20); Version F. I've assigned a date of circa 1890 but it was probably learned earlier. The informant, “Grandma” Lily Delorme, of Hardscrabble on the Saranac, NY, learned songs from parents and her grandfather, Gideon Baker, who fought in the War of 1812.
Delorme was one of the best informants of Flanders and Olney (also Porter who recorded 100 of her songs). Most of her ballads date back into the 1800s since she was born in 1869 and learned them from her family. Mrs. Lily Delorme's offficial residence was Cadyville, New York. She was born in Schuyler Falls, New York, in 1859. Her father was born in Starksboro, Vermont; her mother, in Schuyler Falls, New York. This ballad was learned in her home as a child.
Flander's notes by Coffin follow.
R. Matteson 2014]
All the Flanders versions of this song are fragments, and not very clear fragments at that. However, it is obvious from these scraps that a pretty complete "Cruel Mother" has been known in New England. The A text preserves the idea that the children are ghosts, the D fragment tells who the woman's lover was, and the A version as well as the E and F stanzas tell of the childbirth. of course, Phillips Barry (British Ballads from Maine, 80 f.) prints a number of full New England versions in which the mother bears her father's clerk two or so illegitimate children, murders the babies with a penknife, and then buries their bodies.
Later, when she sees some children playing ball, she tells them of the things she would do for them if they were her own. They readily inform her they were once hers and weren't treated any too well. This is the Child A-H form of the ballad and is well known in the United States. Child 20 is also common to Britain, especially Scotland, and to Denmark and Germany as well, though its form is more often incomplete than not. Confusions, such as the one in Flanders B-C where the mother seems to murder the children after meeting them by the greenwood side, are frequent in this song, particularly in Britain. Sometimes, as in Child I-L, additional stanzas describing penance the woman must do for the crime appear.
Originally the ballad preserves various medieval murder and burial superstitions that are discussed in L. C. Wimberly's Folklore .in the English and, Scottish Ballads ([Chicago-, 1928], 254) and by Cox, Sharp, and other collectors in their notes. The song has frequently borrowed from other ballads such as "The wife of Usher's well (Child 79), "The Maid and the Palmer" (Child 21), and perhaps "Dives and Lazarus" (Child 56). See coffin, 51, for references to such interchanges.
A start or a bibliography can be had by consulting Coffin, 50-51 (American); Dean-smith, 61 (English); Greig and Keith, 21-22, and Ord, 459 (Scottish); and Child; notes, I, 218 f.
The three tunes given here belong to two families: The Lewis tune fits in with BC, group A, while the Smith and Delorme tunes seem to be outside the usual child 20 tradition and fit in better with runes used in Child 13.
F. Down By the Greenwood Sidey. This fragment of the ballad "The Cruel Mother" was sung by Mrs. LiIy Delorme of Cadyaille, New York. She says, "There are more verses but I only learned one-I don't think my people thought it was the kind of a song children should hear." Her father was born in Starksboro, Vermont. M. Olney, Collector; August 29, 1944.
Structure: A1 A2 B C (2,2,2,2); Rhythm C; Contour: descending; Scale: Dorian (C and F sharp weak); t.c. A. For mel. rel. see SharpI, 52(I) ("Edward").
Down By the Greenwood Sidey
She leaned her back against an oak,
'Twas all alone and loney;
She thought her tender heart was broke
'Way down by the greenwood sidey.