No. 96: The Gay Goshawk
CONTENTS:
1. Child's Narrative
2. Footnotes (Found at the end of Child's Narrative)
3. Brief (Kittredge)
4. Child's Ballad Texts A-G (E* and H are given in "Additions and Corrections." An unpublished US version is found in Child's MS)
5. Endnotes
6. From "Additions and Corrections"
ATTACHED PAGES (see left hand column):
1. Recordings & Info: 96. The Gay Goshawk
A. Roud No. 61: The Gay Goshawk (22 Listings)
2. Sheet Music: 96. The Gay Goshawk (Bronson's music examples and texts)
3. US & Canadian Versions
4. English and Other Versions (Including Child versions A-G with additional notes)]
Child's Narrative: The Gay Goshawk
A. 'The Gay Goss Hawk,' Jamieson-Brown Manuscript, fol. 15, No 6.
B. Motherwell's Manuscript, p. 230.
C. 'The Jolly Goshawk,' Motherwell's Manuscript, p. 435; Motherwell's Minstrelsy, p. 353.
D. 'The Gay Goss-hawk,' Motherwell's Note-Book, 27; Motherwell's Manuscript, p. 415 [from Agnes Laird].
E. 'The Gay Goss-hawk,' Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, II, 7, 1802.
[E* 'The Gay Goss-hawk,' Scotch Ballads, Materials for Border Minstrelsy," No 146 a, Abbotsford.]
F. Communicated by Miss Reburn, as sung in County Meath, Ireland.
G. 'The Scottish Squire,' Buchan's Ballads of the North of Scotland, II, 245.
[H. 'The Bonnie Spier-Hawk,' Scotch Ballads, Materials for Border Minstrelsy," No 28 b, Abbotsford; in the handwriting of William Laidlaw.]
The 'Gay Goshawk' first appeared in print in the second volume of Scott's Minstrelsy, in 1802. Scott's copy was formed partly from Mrs. Brown's version, A, "and partly from a Manuscript of some antiquity penes Edit.'" This compounded copy is now given, B, with those portions which are contained in the Brown Manuscript printed in smaller type, in order that what is peculiar to the other manuscript may be distinguished. A second copy of A was made for William Tytler under the direction of the reciter in 1783, but has not been recovered. There were 28 stanzas, as in A, and the first stanza has been given by Anderson in Nichols's Illustrations, VII, 176. C was furnished Motherwell by Buchan from a manuscript sent him, and Buchan says that he himself took down from recitation the vilely dilated and debased G: Ballads of the North of Scotland, II, 340.
A ballad widely known in France has the central idea of the Gay Goshawk, a maid's feigning death to escape from a father to a lover whom she is not permitted to marry, but in the development of the story there is no likeness. A version of this ballad, 'Belle Isambourg,' was printed as early as 1607 in a collection with the title Airs de Cour, p. 40, and was republished by Rathery in the Moniteur of August 26, 1853, p. 946, after wards in Haupt's Franzb'sische Volkslieder, p. 92. The king wishes to give Fair Isambourg a husband, but her heart is fixed on a handsome knight, whom she loves more than all her kin together, though he is poor. The king shuts her up in a dark tower, thinking that this treatment will bring about a change, but it does not. Isambourg sees her lover riding towards or by the tower at full speed. She calls to him to stop, and says:
Malade et morte m'y feray,
Porter en terre m'y lairray,
Pourtant morte je ne seray.
Puis apres je vous prie amy,
Qu'a ma chapelle h Sainct-Denis
Ne m'y laissez pas enfouir.
Isambourg is now proclaimed to be dead, and is carried to burial by three princes and a knight. Her lover, hearing the knelling and chanting, puts himself in the way and bids the bearers stop. Since she has died for loving him too well, he wishes to say a De profundis. He rips open a little of the shroud, and she darts a loving smile at him. Everybody is astonished.
Other versions, derived from oral tradition, have a more popular stamp: (1.) Poésies populaires de la France, Manuscript, Ill, 54, 'La fille du roi et le Prince de Guise,' learned at Maubeuge, about 1760. (2.) Ill, 47, 'Le beau Déon,' Auvergne. (3.) Ill, 49, 'La princesse de la Grand' Tour,' Berry. (4.) Ill, 50 (the hero being Léon), Berry. (5.) Ill, 53, Caudebec. (6.) Ill, 56, Pamiers, Languedoc. (7.) Ill, 57, and II, 52, Organs. (8.) 'La fille d'un prince,' Buchon, Noëls et chants p. de la Franche-Comte, p. 82, No 16. (9.) 'La fille d'un prince,' Rondes et Chansons p. illustrées, Paris, 1876, p. 286. (10.) 'La princesse,' Guillon, Chansons p. de l'Ain, p. 87. (11.) ' La maîtresse captive,' Puymaigre, Chants p. messins, I, 87. (12.) Le Héricher, Littérature p. de Normandie, p. 153 f. (13.) 'De Dion et de la fille du roi,' Ampere, Instructions, p. 38, the first fourteen stanzas; Auvergne. (14.) G. de Nerval, La Bohème Galante, ed. 1866, p. 70, and Les Faux Saulniers, ed. 1868, p. 346, the story completed in Les Filles du Feu, ed. 1868, p. 132; or, in the collection lately made from his works, Chansons et Ballades p. du Valois, p. 16, VIII. The last two have a false termination, as already remarked under No 4, I, 42.
In these traditional versions, the father pays a visit to the princess after she has been confined seven years, and asks how she is. One side is eaten away by worms, her feet are rotting in the irons. She begs a few sous to give the jailer to loosen her fetters. Millions are at her disposal if she will give up her lover. Rather rot, is her reply. Rot, then, says her father. The lover comes by* and throws a few words of writing into the tower, directing her to counterfeit death. The rest is much the same. In several versions the king yields.
There are many other ballads in which a girl, for one reason or another, feigns death. In 'Les trois capitaines,' or 'La jolie fille de la Garde,' etc., Arbaud, I, 143, Decombe, Ch. p. d'Ille-et-Vilaine, p. 150, No 51, Champfleury, Ch. p. des Provinces, p. 95, Bujeaud, II, 174, 'La Boheme Galante,' ed. 1866, p. 71 f, Chansons du Valois, p. 19, IX, Puy maigre, Vieux Auteurs, II, 478, E. Legrand, Romania, X, 369, No 6, the object is to save her honor;[1] so in Marcoaldi, p. 162, No 10, Ferraro, C. p. monferrini, p. 41, No 31. The well-disposed hostess of an inn administers a sleeping-draught, in Arbaud's ballad and in Decombe's. The object is to avoid becoming a king's mistress, in 'Kvindelist,' Grundtvig, IV, 394, No 235, 'Hertig Hillebrand och hans Syster,' Arwidsson, I, 380 No 61; in a Bohemian ballad, to avoid marrying a Turk, 'Oklamany Turek,' 'The Turk duped,' Celakovsky, III, 11 (translated in Bowring's Cheskian Anthology, p. 129) Erben, p. 485, etc., etc.; to move a lover who is on the point of deserting, Hoffmann, Niederländische Volkslieder, p. 61, No 15, Willems, No 60, Uhland, No 97 B.
In 'Willie's Lyke-Wake,' No 25, I, 247, a man feigns death in order to capture a coy maid, or a maid refused him by her parents.
Birds are not seldom employed as posts in ballads: see 'Sweet William,' Motherwell's Minstrelsy, p. 307, Mild, Romancerillo, No 258; Hartung, Romanceiro, I, 193 (dove). A falcon carries a letter, in Afzelius, III, 116, No 87, and Milá, No 258 K, and Marko Kraljevitch sends a letter by a falcon from his prison, Karadsbitch, II, 383. For a love-message of a general sort, not involving business, the nightingale is usually and rightly selected. On the other hand, a nightingale first orders a ring of a goldsmith, and afterwards delivers it to a lady, in Uhland, No 15.[2] In this ballad the goshawk is endowed with the nightingale's voice. The substitution of a parrot in G, a bird that we all know can talk, testifies to the advances made by reason among the humblest in the later generations,[3] A parrot, says Buchan, "is by far a more likely messenger to carry a love-letter or deliver a verbal message," II, 341. The parrot goes well with the heroine swooning on a sofa (stanza 33) and the step-dame sitting on the sofa's end (stanza 36).
Thieves drop three drops of wax on the breast of a servant-girl who is feigning sleep, and she shows no sign of feeling, in a Catalan ballad, Milá, Romancerillo, p. 104, No 114, vv 13-16, Observaciones, p. 147, No 43, Briz, I, 147.[4]
Translated by Grundtvig, Engelske og skotske Folkeviser, No 32, after E, C, G. After D by Talvj, Versnch, u. s. w., p. 560; Schubart, p. 57; Doenniges, p. 19; Gerhard, p. 37; Lodve-Veimars, p. 264. By Knortz, Lieder Alt-Englands, No 2, after C; by Rosa Warrens, Sehottische Volkslieder, No 38, after C and E, sometimes following Aytonn, I, 178.
Footnotes:
1. Or her soul, in a copy which terminates with a miracle, Victor Smith, Chansons du Velay, etc., Eomania, IV, 114: where see note 2.
2. See Uhland, III, 109 f, 171.
3. The contrast presented by darker ages, when cheap literature was unknown, may be seen from these verses:
Ma mie recoil de mes lettres
Par l'alouette des champs;
Elle m'envoie les siennes
Far le rossignol chantant.
Sans savoir lire ni écrire
Nous lisons ce qui eft dedans;
Il y a dedans ces lettres,
'Aime moi, je t'aime tant.'
(Le Moniteur, May 27, 1853.)
4. The "red, red lead" of D 7, 8 I had at first supposed to show a carelessness about epithets, like the "roses blue" of a Danish ballad. But considering that the red lead is to be rubbed on, one may ask whether some occult property of minium may have been known to the mother.
Brief Description by George Lyman Kittredge
'The Gay Goshawk' first appeared in print in the second volume of Scott's Minstrelsy, in 1802. Scott's copy was formed partly from Mrs. Brown's version (A) and partly from E*.
A ballad widely known in France has the central idea of 'The Gay Goshawk,' but in the development of the story there is no likeness. In a version of this ballad, 'Belle Isambourg,' printed as early as 1607, the king- wishes to give Fair Isambourg a husband, but her heart is fixed on a handsome knight, whom she loves more than all her kin together, though he is poor. The king shuts her up in a dark tower, thinking that this treatment will bring about a change, but it does not. Isambourg sees her lover riding towards or by the tower at full speed. She calls to him to stop, and says:
Mai ad e et morte m'y feray,
Porter en terre m'y lairray,
Pourtant morte je ne seray.
Puis apres je vous prie amy,
Qu'à ma chapelle à Sainct-Denis
Ne m'y laissez pas enfouir.
Isambourg is now proclaimed to be dead, and is carried to burial by three princes and a knight. Her lover, hearing the knelling and chanting, puts himself in the way and bids the bearers stop. Since she has died for loving him too well, he wishes to say a De Profundis. He rips open a little of the shroud, and she darts a loving smile at him. Everybody is astonished.
In 'Willie's Lyke-Wake' (No. 25) a man feigns death in order to capture a coy maid, or a maid refused him by her parents.
Child's Ballads Texts
'The Gay Goss Hawk'- Version A; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
Jamieson-Brown Manuscript, No 6, pt 15.
1 'O well's me o my gay goss-hawk,
That he can speak and flee;
He'll carry a letter to my love,
Bring back another to me.'
2 'O how can I your true-love ken,
Or how can I her know?
Whan frae her mouth I never heard couth,
Nor wi my eyes her saw.'
3 'O well sal ye my true-love ken,
As soon as you her see;
For, of a' the flowrs in fair Englan,
The fairest flowr is she.
4 'At even at my love's bowr-door
There grows a bowing birk,
An sit ye down and sing thereon,
As she gangs to the kirk.
5 'An four-an-twenty ladies fair
Will wash and go to kirk,
But well shall ye my true-love ken,
For she wears goud on her skirt.
6 'An four and twenty gay ladies
Will to the mass repair,
But well sal ye my true-love ken,
For she wears goud on her hair.'
7 O even at that lady's bowr-door
There grows a bowin birk,
And she set down and sang thereon,
As she ged to the kirk.
8 'O eet and drink, my marys a',
The wine flows you among,
Till I gang to my shot-window,
An hear yon bonny bird's song.
9 'Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,
The song ye sang the streen,
For I ken by your sweet singin
You're frae my true-love sen.'
10 O first he sang a merry song,
An then he sang a grave,
An then he peckd his feathers gray,
To her the letter gave.
11 'Ha, there's a letter frae your love,
He says he sent you three;
He canna wait your love langer,
But for your sake he'll die.
12 'He bids you write a letter to him;
He says he's sent you five;
He canno wait your love langer,
Tho you're the fairest woman alive.'
13 'Ye bid him bake his bridal-bread,
And brew his bridal-ale,
An I'll meet him in fair Scotlan
Lang, lang or it be stale.'
14 She's doen her to her father dear,
Fa'n low down on her knee:
'A boon, a boon, my father dear,
I pray you, grant it me.'
15 'Ask on, ask on, my daughter,
An granted it sal be;
Except ae squire in fair Scotlan,
An him you sall never see.'
16 'The only boon, my father dear,
That I do crave of the,
Is, gin I die in southin lands,
In Scotland to bury me.
17 'An the firstin kirk that ye come till,
Ye gar the bells be rung,
An the nextin kirk that ye come till,
Ye gar the mess be sung.
18 'An the thirdin kirk that ye come till,
You deal gold for my sake,
An the fourthin kirk that ye come till,
You tarry there till night.'
19 She is doen her to her bigly bowr,
As fast as she coud fare,
An she has tane a sleepy draught,
That she had mixed wi care.
20 She's laid her down upon her bed,
An soon she's fa'n asleep,
And soon oer every tender limb
Cauld death began to creep.
21 Whan night was flown, an day was come,
Nae ane that did her see
But thought she was as surely dead
As ony lady coud be.
22 Her father an her brothers dear
Gard make to her a bier;
The tae half was o guide red gold,
The tither o silver clear.
23 Her mither an her sisters fair
Gard work for her a sark;
The tae half was o cambrick fine,
The tither o needle wark.
24 The firstin kirk that they came till,
They gard the bells be rung,
An the nextin kirk that they came till,
They gard the mess be sung.
25 The thirdin kirk that they came till,
They dealt gold for her sake,
An the fourthin kirk that they came till,
Lo, there they met her make!
26 'Lay down, lay down the bigly bier,
Lat me the dead look on;'
Wi cherry cheeks and ruby lips
She lay an smil'd on him.
27 'O ae sheave o your bread, true-love,
An ae glass o your wine,
For I hae fasted for your sake
These fully days is nine.
28 'Gang hame, gang hame, my seven bold brothers,
Gang hame and sound your horn;
An ye may boast in southin lans
Your sister's playd you scorn.'
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['Pretty Little Bird'] Version B; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
Motherwell's Manuscript, p. 230: from the recitation of Mrs. Bell, of Paisley, and of Miss Montgomerie, of Edinburgh, her sister.
1 Out then spoke the king of Scotland,
And he spak wondrous clear:
Where will I get a boy, and a pretty little boy,
That will my tidings bear?
2 Out then spak a pretty little bird,
As it sat on a brier:
What will ye gie me, king of Scotland, he said,
If I your tidings will bear?
3 'One wing of the beaten gowd,
And another of the silver clear;
It's all unto thee, my pretty little bird,
If thou my tidings will bear.'
4 The bird flew high, the bird flew low,
This bird flew to and fro,
Until that he came to the king of England's dochter,
Who was sitting in her bower-window.
5 'Here is a gift, a very rare gift,
And the king has sent you three;
He says if your father and mother winna let,
You may come privately.
6 'Here is a gift, and a very rare gift,
The king has sent you five;
He says he will not wait any longer on you,
If there be another woman alive.'
7 She's away to her mother dear,
Made a low beck on her knee:
'What is your asking of me, daughter?
Queen of Scotland you never shall be.'
8 'That's not my asking of thee, mother,
That's not my asking of thee;
But that if I die in merry England,
In Scotland you will bury me.'
9 She's awa to her father dear,
Made a low beck on her knee:
'What is your asking of me, daughter?
Queen of Scotland you never shall be.'
10 'That's not my asking of thee, father,
That's not my asking of thee;
But that if I die in merry England,
In Scotland you will bury me.'
11 She walked to and fro,
She walked up and down,
But ye wud na spoken three words to an end
Till she was in a deep swoon.
12 Out then spoke an auld witch-wife,
And she spoke random indeed:
Honoured madam, I would have you to try
Three drops of the burning lead.
13 Her mother went weeping round and round,
She dropped one on her chin;
'Och and alace,' her mother did say,
'There is no breath within!'
14 Her mother went weeping round and round,
She dropt one on her briest;
'Och and alace,' her mother did cry,
'For she's died without a priest!'
15 Her mother went weeping round and round,
She dropped one on her toe;
'Och and alace,' her mother did cry,
'To Scotland she must goe!
16 'Call down, call down her sisters five,
To make to her a smock;
The one side of the bonny beaten gold,
And the other of the needle-work.
17 'Call down, call down her brothers seven,
To make for her a bier;
The one side of the bonny beaten gold,
And the other of the silver clear.'
18 Many a mile by land they went,
And many a league by sea,
Until that they came to the king of Scotland,
Who was walking in his own valley.
19 'Here is a gift, and a very rare gift,
And you to have made her your own;
But now she is dead, and she's new come from her steed,
And she's ready to lay in the ground.'
20 O he has opened the lid of the coffin,
And likewise the winding sheet,
And thrice he has kissed her cherry, cherry cheek,
And she smiled on him full sweet.
21 'One bit of your bread,' she says,
'And one glass of your wine;
It's all for you and your sake
I've fasted long days nine.
22 'One glass of your wine,' she says,
'And one bit of your bread;
For it's all for you and for your sake
I suffered the burning lead.
23 'Go home, go home, my brothers seven,
You may go blow your horn;
And you may tell it in merry England
That your sister has given you the scorn.
24 'Go home, go home, my brothers seven,
Tell my sisters to sew their seam;
And you may tell it in merry England
That your sister she is queen.'
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'The Jolly Goshawk'- Version C; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
Motherwell's Manuscript, p. 435; communicated by Peter Buchan, from a Manuscript which had been sent him.
1 'O well is me, my jolly goshawk,
That ye can speak and flee,
For ye can carry a love-letter
To my true-love from me.'
2 'O how can I carry a letter to her,
When her I do not knaw?
I bear the lips to her never spake,
And the eyes that her never saw.'
3 'The thing of my love's face is white
It's that of dove or maw;
The thing of my love's face that's red
Is like blood shed on snaw.
4 'And when you come to the castle,
Light on the bush of ash,
And sit you there and sing our loves,
As she comes from the mass.
5 'And when she goes into the house,
Sit ye upon the whin;
And sit you there and sing our loves,
As she goes out and in.'
6 And when he flew to that castel,
He lighted on the ash;
And there he sat and sang their loves,
As she came from the mass.
7 And when she went into the house,
He flew unto the whin;
And there he sat and sang their loves,
As she went out and in.
8 'Come hither, come hither, my maidens all,
And sip red wine anon,
Till I go to my west window,
And hear a birdie's moan.'
9 She's gone unto her west window,
And fainly aye it drew,
And soon into her white silk lap
The bird the letter threw.
10 'Ye're bidden send your love a send,
For he has sent you twa;
And tell him where he can see you,
Or he cannot live ava.'
11 'I send him the rings from my white fingers,
The garlands off my hair;
I send him the heart that's in my breast:
What would my love have mair?
And at the fourth kirk in fair Scotland,
Ye'll bid him meet me there.'
12 She hied her to her father dear,
As fast as gang could she:
'An asking, an asking, my father dear,
An asking ye grant me;
That, if I die in fair England,
In Scotland bury me.
13 'At the first kirk of fair Scotland,
You cause the bells be rung;
At the second kirk of fair Scotland,
You cause the mass be sung.
14 'At the third kirk of fair Scotland,
You deal gold for my sake;
And the fourth kirk of fair Scotland,
O there you'll bury me at.
15 'And now, my tender father dear,
This asking grant you me;'
'Your asking is but small,' he said,
'Weel granted it shall be.'
16 She hied her to her mother dear,
As fast as gang could she:
'An asking, an asking, my mother dear,
An asking ye grant me;
That if I die in fair England
In Scotland bury me.
17 'And now, my tender mother dear,
This asking grant you me;'
'Your asking is but small,' she said,
'Weel granted it shall be.'
18 She hied her to her sister dear,
As fast as gang could she:
'An asking, an asking, my sister dear,
An asking ye grant me;
That if I die in fair England,
In Scotland bury me.
19 'And now, my tender sister dear,
This asking grant you me:'
'Your asking is but small,' she said,
'Weel granted it shall be.'
20 She hied her to her seven brothers,
As fast as gang could she:
'An asking, an asking, my brothers seven,
An asking ye grant me;
That if I die in fair England,
In Scotland ye bury me.
21 'And now, my tender brothers dear,
This asking grant you me:'
'Your asking is but small,' they said,
'Weel granted it shall be.'
22 Then down as dead that lady drapd,
Beside her mother's knee;
Then out it spoke an auld witch-wife,
By the fire-side sat she.
23 Says, Drap the hot lead on her cheek,
And drop it on her chin,
And drop it on her rose-red lips,
And she will speak again:
For much a lady young will do,
To her true-love to win.
24 They drapd the het lead on her cheek,
So did they on her chin;
They drapt it on her red-rose lips,
But they breathed none again.
25 Her brothers they went to a room,
To make to her a bier;
The boards of it was cedar wood,
And the plates ow it gold so clear.
26 Her sisters they went to a room,
To make to her a sark;
The cloth of it was satin fine,
She bids you meet her there.'
And the steeking silken wark.
27 'But well is me, my jolly goshawk,
That ye can speak and flee;
Come shew to my any love-tokens
That you have brought to me.'
28 'She sends you the rings from her fingers,
The garlands from her hair;
She sends you the heart within her breast;
And what would you have mair?
And at the fourth kirk of fair Scotland,
She bids you meet her there.'
29 'Come hither, all my merry young men,
And drink the good red wine;
For we must on to fair Scotland,
To free my love frae pine.'
30 At the first kirk of fair Scotland,
They gart the bells be rung;
At the second kirk of fair Scotland,
They gart the mass be sung.
31 At the third kirk of fair Scotland,
They dealt gold for her sake;
And the fourth kirk of fair Scotland
Her true-love met them at.
32 'Set down, set down the corpse,' he said,
'Till I look on the dead;
The last time that I saw her face,
She ruddy was and red;
But now, alas, and woe is me!
She's wallowit like a weed.'
33 He rent the sheet upon her face,
A little above her chin;
With lily-white cheeks, and lemin een,
She lookt and laughd to him.
34 'Give me a chive of your bread, my love,
A bottle of your wine;
For I have fasted for your love
These long days nine;
There's not a steed in your stable
But would have been dead ere syne.
35 'Go home, go home, my seven brothers,
Go home and blow the horn;
For you can say in the south of England
Your sister gave you a scorn.
36 'I came not here to fair Scotland
To lye amang the meal;
But I came here to fair Scotland
To wear the silks so weel.
37 'I came not here to fair Scotland
To ly amang the dead;
But I came here to fair Scotland
To wear the gold so red.'
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'The Gay Goss-hawk'- Version D; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
Motherwell's Note-Book, pp 27-30, Motherwell's Manuscript, pp 415-17; from Agnes Laird, Kilbarchan, August 24, 1825.
1 'O where'll I get a pretty little bird
That'll go my errand soon,
That will fly to the Queen of England's dochter,
And bid my trew-luve come?'
2 'Here am I, a pretty little bird,
That'll go your errands soon,
That will fly to the Queen of England's daughter,
And bid your trew-luve come.'
3 This wee birdie's taken its flight,
And it's flown owre the sea,
Until it cam to the Queen of England's daughter;
She's sitting in her bower-windie.
4 Then out bespoke these nine ladies,
As they sat in a ring:
'O we'll awa to the west window,
To hear this birdie sing.'
5 This wee birdie's taken its flight,
And it's flown owre them a',
And at the lady's left shoulder
It loot a letter fa.
6 She has taken the letter up,
And read it speedilie:
'O mother, the queen, O mother, the queen,
Grant this request to me;
Whenever I do chance for to die,
In Scotland gar bury me.'
* * * * *
7 'Bring to me the red, red lead,
And rub it on her chin;
It's Oh and alace for my dochter Janet!
But there is not a breath within.
8 'Bring to me the red, red lead,
And rub it on her toe;
It's Oh and alace for my daughter Janet!
To Scotland she must go.'
9 'Rise up, rise up, ye seven sisters,
And make her winding sheet,
With the one side of the beaten gold,
And the other o the needle-wark.
10 'Rise up, rise up, ye seven brethren,
And make her carriage-bier,
With the one side of the beaten gold,
And the other o the silver clear.'
11 'They've carried east, they've carried west,
They've carried her high and low,
Until that they came to the king of Scotland,
Was sitting in his bower-window.
12 'Here is a token of your trew-love,
And here is a token come down,
For she is dead, and she's ready to be buried,
And she wants to be laid in your ground.'
13 He's taen out his mickle knife,
And tore her winding sheet,
And there she lay like the crimson red,
And she smiled in his face so sweet.
14 'Go home, go home, you seven brethren,
Go home and saw your corn,
For she if fit for the queen of Scotland now,
And she's gien you the scorn.
15 'Go home, go home, you seven sisters,
Go home and sew your seam,
For she is fit for the queen of Scotland now,
And she's ready to be my queen.'
-----------
'The Gay Goss-hawk'- Version E; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, II, 7, 1802; 111,151, 1833.
1 'O waly, waly, my gay goss-hawk,
Gin your feathering be sheen!'
'And waly, waly, my master dear,
Gin ye look pale and lean!
2 'O have ye tint at tournament
Your sword, or yet your spear?
Or mourn ye for the southern lass,
Whom you may not win near?'
3 'I have not tint at tournament
My sword, nor yet my spear,
But sair I mourn for my true-love,
Wi mony a bitter tear.
4 'But weel's me on ye, my gay goss-hawk,
Ye can baith speak and flee;
Ye sall carry a letter to my love,
Bring an answer back to me.'
5 'But how sall I your true-love find,
Or how suld I her know?
I bear a tongue neer wi her spake,
An eye that neer her saw.'
6 'O weel sall ye my true-love ken,
Sae sune as ye her see,
For of a' the flowers of fair England,
The fairest flower is she.
7 'The red that's on my true-love's cheik
Is like blood-drops on the snaw;
The white that is on her breast bare
Like the down o the white sea-maw.
8 'And even at my love's bouer-door
There grows a flowering birk,
And ye maun sit and sing thereon,
As she gangs to the kirk.
9 'And four-and-twenty fair ladyes
Will to the mass repair,
But weel may ye my ladye ken,
The fairest ladye there.'
10 Lord William has written a love-letter,
Put it under his pinion gray,
And he is awa to southern land,
As fast as wings can gae.
11 And even at that ladye's bour
There grew a flowering birk,
And he sat down and sang thereon,
As she gaed to the kirk.
12 And weel he kent that ladye feir
Amang her maidens free,
For the flower that springs in May morning
Was not sae sweet as she.
13 [He lighted at the ladye's yate,
And sat him on a pin,
And sang fu sweet the notes o love,
Till a' was cosh within.]
14 And first he sang a low, low note,
And syne he sang a clear,
And aye the oerword of the sang
Was, Your love can no win here.
15 'Feast on, feast on, my maidens a',
The wine flows you amang,
While I gang to my shot-window,
And hear yon bonny bird's sang.
16 'Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,
The sang ye sung yestreen;
For weel I ken by your sweet singing
Ye are frae my true-love sen.'
17 O first he sang a merry sang,
And syne he sang a grave,
And syne he peckd his feathers gray,
To her the letter gave.
18 'Have there a letter from Lord William;
He says he's sent ye three;
He canna wait your love langer,
But for your sake he'll die.'
19 'Gae bid him bake his bridal bread,
And brew his bridal ale,
And I sall meet him at Mary's kirk,
Lang, lang ere it be stale.'
20 The lady's gane to her chamber,
And a moanfu woman was she,
As gin she had taen a sudden brash,
And were about to die.
21 'A boon, a boon, my father deir,
A boon I beg of thee!'
'Ask not that paughty Scotish lord,
For him you neer shall see.
22 'But, for your honest asking else,
Weel granted it shall be:'
'Then, gin I die in southern land,
In Scotland gar bury me.
23 'And the first kirk that ye come to,
Ye's gar the mass be sung,
And the next kirk that ye come to,
Ye's gar the bells be rung.
24 'And when ye come to St Mary's kirk,
Ye's tarry there till night:'
And so her father pledged his word,
And so his promise plight.
25 She has taen her to her bigly bour,
As fast as she could fare,
And she has drank a sleepy draught,
That she had mixed wi care.
26 And pale, pale grew her rosy cheek,
That was sae bright of blee,
And she seemed to be as surely dead
As any one could be.
27 They drapt a drap o the burning red gowd,
They drapt it on her chin;
'And ever alas,' her mother cried,
'There is nae life within!'
28 They drapt a drap o the burning red gowd,
They drapt it on her breast-bane;
'Alas,' her seven bauld brothers said,
'Our sister's dead and gane!'
29 Then up arose her seven brethren,
And hewd to her a bier;
They hewd it frae the solid aik,
Laid it oer wi silver clear.
30 Then up and gat her seven sisters,
And sewed to her a kell,
And every steek that they pat in
Sewd to a siller bell.
31 The first Scots kirk that they cam to,
They gard the bells be rung;
The next Scots kirk that they cam to,
They gard the mass be sung.
32 But when they cam to St Mary's kirk,
There stude spearmen all on raw,
And up and started Lord William,
The chieftane amang them a'.
33 'Set down, set down the bier,' he said,
'Let me looke her upon:'
But as soon as Lord William touched her hand,
Her colour began to come.
34 She brightened like the lily-flower,
Till her pale colour was gone;
With rosy cheek, and ruby lip,
She smiled her love upon.
35 'A morsel of your bread, my lord,
And one glass of your wine,
For I hae fasted these three lang days,
All for your sake and mine.
36 'Gae hame, gae hame, my seven bauld brothers,
Gae hame and blaw your horn;
I trow you wad hae gien me the skaith,
But I've gien you the scorn.
37 'Ah woe to you, you light woman,
An ill death may you die!
For we left father and mother at hame
Breaking their hearts for thee.'
-----------
'The Gay Goss-hawk' Version E*; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
Scotch Ballads, Materials for Border Minstrelsy, No. 146 a, Abbotsford.
1 'O waly, waly, my gay goss-hawk,
Gin your feathering be sheen!'
'O waly, waly, my master dear,
Gin ye look pale and lean!
2 'Whether is it for the gold sae rid,
Or is it for the silver clear?
Or is it for the lass in southen land,
That she cannot win here.'
3 'It is not for the gold sae rid,
Nor is it for the silver clear,
But it is for the lass in southen land,
That she cannot win her[e].'
4 'Sit down, sit down, my master dear,
Write a love-letter hastily,
And put it in under my feathern gray,
And I'll away to southen land as fast as I can flee.
5 'But how shall I your true-love ken?
Or how shall I her know?
I bear the tongue never wi her spake,
The eye that never her saw.'
6 'The red that is in my love's cheek
Is like blood spilt amang the snaw;
The white that is on her breast-bone
Is like the down on the white sea-maw.
7 'There 's one that stands at my love's gate
And opens the silver pin,
And there ye may safely set ye on
And sing a lovely song.
8 'First ye may sing it loud, loud, loud,
And then ye may sing it clear,
And ay the oerword of the tune
Is, Your love cannot win here.'
9 He has written a love-letter,
Put it under his feathern gray,
And he 's awa to southen laud,
As fast as ever he may.
10 When he came to the lady's gate,
There he lighted down,
And there he sat him on the pin
And sang a lovely song.
11 First he sang it loud, loud, loud,
And then he sang it clear,
And ay the oerword of the tune
Was, Your love cannot win here.
12 'Hold your tongues, my merry maids all,
And hold them a little while;
I hear some word from my true-love,
That lives in Scotland's isle.'
13 Up she rose, to the door she goes,
To hear what the bird woud say,
And he's let the love-letter fall
From under his feathern gray.
14 When she looked the letter on,
The tear blinded her eye,
And when she read it oer and oer
A loud laughter took she.
15 'Go hame, go hame, my bonny bird,
And to your master tell,
If I be nae wi him at Martinmass,
I shall be wi him at Yule.'
16 The lady's to her chamber gane.
And a sick woman grew she;
The lady's taen a sudden brash,
And nathing she'll do but die.
17 'An asking, an asking, my father dear,
An asking grant to me!
If that I die in southen land,
In Scotland bury me.'
18 'Ask on, ask on, my daughter dear,
That asking is granted thee;
If that you die in southen land,
In Scotland I'll bury thee.'
19 'Gar call to me my seven bretheren,
To hew to me my bier,
The one half of the beaten gold,
The other of the silver clear.
20 'Go call to me my seven sisters,
To sew to me my caul;
Every needle-steik that they put in
Put by a silver bell.'
21 The first Scots kirk that they came to,
They heard the mavis sing;
The next Scots kirk that they came to,
They heard the dead-bell ring.
22 The next Scots kirk that they came to,
They were playing at the foot-ball,
And her true-love was them among,
The chieftian amangst them all.
23 'Set down, set down these corps,' said he,
'Let me look them upon;'
As soon as he lookd the lady on,
The blood sprang in her chin.
24 'One bite of your bread, my love,
And one glass of your wine!
For I have fasted these five long days,
All for your sake and mine.
25 'Go hame, go hame, my seven brothers,
Go hame and blaw your horn,
And ye may tell thro southen land
How I playd you the scorn.'
26 'Woe to you, my sister dear,
And ane ill death may you die!
For we left father aud mother at hame
Breaking their heart for thee.'
-----------
[She got three drops of boiling lead] Version F; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
From Miss Margaret Reburn, as sung in County Meath, Ireland, about 1860.
1 * * * *
She got three drops of boiling lead,
And dropped them on her hand:
'Oh and alas, my daughter dear,
I'd rather all my land!'
2 She got three drops of boiling lead,
And dropped them on her chin:
'Oh and alas, my daughter dear,
There is no life within!'
3 She got three drops of boiling lead,
And dropped them on her toe:
'Oh and alas, my daughter dear,
To fair Scotland you must go!'
* * * * *
4 'Give me a cake of the new made bread,
And a cup of the new made wine,
For for your sake, Lord Thomas,' she said,
'I fasted those days nine.'
----------
'The Scottish Squire'- Version G; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk
Buchan's Ballads of the North of Scotland, II, 245, "from recitation."
1 When grass grew green on Lanark plains,
And fruit and flowers did spring,
A Scottish squire in cheerfu strains,
Sae merrily thus did sing:
2 'O well fails me o my parrot
That he can speak and flee;
For he will carry love-letters
Between my love and me.
3 'And well fails me o my parrot
He can baith speak and gang;
And he will carry love-letters
To the maid in South England.'
4 'O how shall I your love find out?
Or how shall I her know?
When my tongue with her never spake,
Nor my eyes her ever saw.'
5 'O what is red of her is red
As blude drappd on the snaw;
And what is white o her is white
As milk, or the sea-maw.
6 'Even before that lady's yetts
You'll find a bowing birk;
And there ye'll sit, and sing thereon,
Till she gaes to the kirk.
7 'Then even before that lady's yetts
You'll find a bowing ash;
And ye may sit and sing thereon,
Till she comes frae the mass.
8 'And even before that lady's window
You'll find a bed o tyme;
And ye may sit and sing thereon,
Till she sits down to dine.
9 'Even abeen that lady's window
There's fixd a siller pin;
And a' these words that I tell you,
Ye'll sit and sing therein.
10 'Ye'll bid her send her love a letter,
For he has sent her five;
And he'll never send anither ane,
To nae woman alive.
11 'Ye'll bid her send her love a letter,
For he has sent her seven;
And he'll never send anither send,
To nae maid under heaven.'
12 This little bird then took his flight,
Beyond the raging sea,
And lighted at that lady's yetts,
On tower o gowd sae hie.
13 Even before that lady's yetts
He found a bowing birk;
And there he sat, and sang thereon,
Till she went to the kirk.
14 Even before that lady's yetts
He found a bowing ash;
And then he sat and sang thereon,
Till she came frae the mass.
15 Even before that lady's window
He found a bed o tyme;
And then he sat and sang thereon,
Till she sat down to dine.
16 Even abeen that lady's window
Was fixd a siller pin;
And a' the word that were tauld him,
He sat and sang them in.
17 'You're bidden send your love a letter,
For he has sent you five;
Or he'll never send anither send,
To nae woman alive.
18 'You're bidden send your love a letter,
For he has sent you seven;
And he'll never send anither send,
To nae maid under heaven.'
19 'Sit in the hall, good ladies all,
And drink the wine sae red,
And I will to yon small window,
And hear you bridie's leed.
20 'Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,
The sang ye sung just now;'
'I'll sing nae mair, ye lady fair,
My errand is to you.'
21 'If ye be my true-lovie's bird,
Sae well's I will you ken;
You will gae in at my gown-sleeve,
Come out at my gown-hem.'
22 'That I am come frae your true-love,
You soon shall see right plain;
And read these lines below my wing,
That I hae brought frae him.'
23 When she looked these lines upon,
She read them, and she leuch:
'O well fails me, my true-love, now,
O this I hae eneuch.
24 'Here is the broach on my breast-bane,
The garlings frae my hair,
Likewise the heart that is within;
What woud my love hae mair?
25 'The nearest kirk in fair Scotland,
Ye'll bid him meet me there:'
She has gane to her dear father,
Wi heart perplexd and sair.
26 When she came to her auld father,
Fell low down on her knee:
'An asking, asking, father dear,
I pray you grant it me.'
27 'Ask what you will, my dear daughter,
And I will grant it thee;
Unless to marry yon Scottish squire;
That's what shall never be.'
28 'O that's the asking, father,' she said,
'That I'll neer ask of thee;
But if I die in South England,
In Scotland ye'll bury me.'
29 The asking's nae sae great, daughter,
But granted it shall be;
And tho ye die in South England,
In Scotland we'll bury thee.'
30 She has gane to her step-mother,
Fell low down on her knee:
'An asking, asking, mother dear,
I pray you grant it me.'
31 'Ask what ye please, my lily-white dove,
And granted it shall be:'
'If I die in South England,
In Scotland bury me.'
32 'Had these words spoke been in again,
I woud not granted thee;
You hae a love in fair Scotland,
Sae fain's you woud be tee.'
33 She scarce was to her chamber gane
Nor yet was well set down,
Till on the sofa where she sat
Fell a deadly swoon.
34 Her father and her seven brithers,
They made for her a bier;
The one half o 't was gude red gowd,
The other siller clear.
35 Her seven sisters were employed
In making her a sark;
The one half o 't was cambric fine,
The other needle-wark.
36 Then out it speaks her auld step-dame,
Sat on the sofa's end:
Ye'll drap the het lead on her cheek,
Sae do you on her chin;
For women will use mony a wile
Their true-loves for to win.
37 Then up it raise her eldest brither,
Into her bower he's gane;
Then in it came her youngest brither,
The het leed to drap on.
38 He drapt it by her cheek, her cheek,
Sae did he by her chin;
Sae did he by her comely hause;
He knew life was therein.
39 The bier was made wi red gowd laid,
Sae curious round about;
A private entrance there contriv'd,
That her breath might win out.
40 The first an kirk in fair Scotland,
They gard the bells be rung;
The niest an kirk in fair Scotland,
They causd the mass be sung.
41 The third an kirk in fair Scotland,
They passd it quietly by;
The fourth an kirk in fair Scotland,
Clerk Sandy did them spy.
42 'O down ye'll set this corpse o clay,
Lat me look on the dead;
For I may sigh, and say, alas!
For death has nae remeid.'
43 Then he has cut her winding sheet
A little below her chin,
And wi her sweet ruby lips
She sweetly smil'd on him.
44 'Gie me a sheave o your white bread,
A bottle o your wine;
For I hae fasted for your sake
Fully these lang days nine.
45 'Gae hame, gae hame, my seven brithers,
Gae hame and blaw your trumpet;
And ye mat tell to your step-dame
This day she is affronted.
46 'I camna here to fair Scotland
To lye amo the dead;
But came to be Clerk Sandy's wife,
And lay gowd on my head.
47 'Gae hame, gae hame, my seven brithers,
Gae hame and blaw your horn;
And ye may tell in fair England
In Scotland ye got the scorn.
48 'I came not here to fair Scotland
To mix amang the clay;
But came to be Clerk Sandy's wife,
And wear gowd to my tae.'
49 'Sin ye hae gien us this ae scorn,
We shall gie you anither;
Ye sall hae naething to live upon
But the bier that brought you hither.'
-------------
['The Bonnie Spier-Hawk'] Version H; Child 96 The Gay Goshawk [From Additions and Corrections]
Scotch Ballads, Materials for Border Minstrelsy," No 28 b, Abbotsford; in the handwriting of William Laidlaw.]
1 Lord William was walkin i' the garden green,
Viewin the roses red,
An there he spyed his bonnie spier-hawk,
Was fleein aboon his head.
2 'O could ye speak, my bonnie spier-hawk,
As ye hae wings to flee,
Then ye wad carry a luve-letter
Atween my love an me.'
3 'But how can I your true-love ken?
Or how can I her know?
Or how can I your true-love ken,
The face I never saw?'
4 'Ye may esily my love ken
Amang them ye never saw;
The red that's on o my love's cheek
Is like bluid drapt on the snaw.'
* * * * * * *
5 'O what will be my meat, master?
An what'll be my fee?
An what will be the love-tokens
That ye will send wi me?'
6 'Ye may tell my love I'll send her a kiss,
A kiss, aye, will I three;
If ever she come [to] fair Scotland,
My wedded wife she's be.
7 'Ye may tell my love I'll send her a kiss,
A kiss, aye, will I twae;
An ever she come to fair Scotland,
I the red gold she sall gae.'
* * * * * * *
8 The hawk flew high, an she flew leugh,
An south aneath the sun,
Untill it cam, etc.
9 'Sit still, sit still, my six sisters,
An sew your silken seam,
Till I gae to my bower-window
An hear yon Scottish bird sing.'
10 Than she flew high, an she flew leugh,
An' far aboon the wa;
She drapit to that ladie's side,
An loot the letter fa.
11 'What news, what news, my bonnie burd?
An what word carry ye?
An what are a' the love-tokens
My love has sent to me?'
12 'O ye may send your love a kiss,
For he has sent ye three;
Ye hae the heart within his buik,
What mair can he send thee?'
13 'O I will send my love a kiss,
A kiss, I, will I three;
If I can win to fair Scotland,
His wedded wife I'll be.
14 'O I will send my love a kiss,
An the caim out o my hair;
He has the hart that's in my buik,
What can I send him mair?
15 'An gae yer ways, my bonnie burd,
An tell my love frae me,
If [I] be na there gin Martinmas,
Gin Yool I there will be.'
* * * * * * *
16 'Twas up an spak her ill step-minnie,
An ill deed may she die!
'Yer daughter Janet's taen her bed,
An she'll do nought but die.'
17 'An askin, an askin, dear father,
An askin I crave o thee;
If I should die just at this time,
In Scotland burry me.'
18 'There's room eneugh in wide England
To burry thee an me;
But sould ye die, my dear daughter,
I' Scotland I'll burry thee.'
19 She's warnd the wrights in lilly Londeen,
She's warnd them ane an a',
To mak a kist wi three windows,
The cauler air to blaw.
20 'O will ye gae, my six sisters,
An sew to me a sheet,
The tae half o the silk sae fine,
The tother o cambric white.'
21 Then they hae askit the surgeon at, etc.
22 Then said her cruel step-minnie,
Take ye the boilin lead
An some o 't drap on her bosom;
We'll see gif she be dead.
23 Then boilin lead than they hae taen
An drappit on her breast;
'Alas! alas!' than her father he cried,
'For she's dead without the priest!'
24 She neither chatterd in her teeth
Nor shivert wi her chin;
'Alas! alas!' her father cried,
'For there nae life within!'
* * * * * * *
25 'It's nine lang days, an nine lang nights,
She's wantit meat for me;
But for nine days, nine langer nights,
Her face ye salna see.'
26 He's taen the coffin wi his fit,
Gar it in flinders flie, etc.
27 'Fetch me,' she said, ae cake o yer bread
An a wi drap o your wine,
For luve o you an for your sake
I've fastit lang nights nine.'
28 'Twas up then spak an eldrin knight,
A grey-haird knight was he;
'Now ye hae left yer auld father,
For you he's like to die.
29 'An ye hae left yer sax sisters
Lamentin' a' for you;
I wiss that this, my dear ladie,
Ye near may hae to rue.'
30 'Commend me to my auld father,
If eer ye come him niest;
But nought say to my ill step-minnie,
Gard burn me on the breist.
31 'Commend me to my six sisters,
If ye gang bak again;
But nought say to my ill step-minnie,
Gard burn me on the chin.
32 'Commend me to my brethren bald,
An ever ye them see;
If ever they come to fair Scotland
They's fare nae war than me.
33 'For I cam na to fair Scotland
To lie amang the dead,
But I cam down to fair Scotland
To wear goud on my head.
34 'Nor did I come to fair Scotland
To rot amang the clay,
But I cam to fair Scotland
To wear goud ilka day.'
-------------
End-Notes
A. Written in stanzas of two long lines,
1. In the Tytler-Brown Manuscript:
O well 's me o my gay goss hawke
That he can speake and flee,
Will carry a letter to my love,
Bring another back to me.
B. 201. Oh.
241. by brothers.
C. 21. Oh.
122. shee.
After 16: etc., repeated as above.
After 182: etc., as above.
After 20: etc., as to father, mother, etc. The verses not written out (and not printed in the Minstrelsy) have been supplied accordingly.
26. clothe.
293. In the Minstrelsy Motherwell has substituted England for Scotland.
302. bells altered in the Manuscript from mass.
346. Motherwell prints dead ere syne.
D. In his Note-Book, p. 27, Motherwell says that he got this copy of the ballad from Agnes Laird; in the Manuscript, p. 415, from Agnes Lyle. Page 26 of the Note-Book shows that Laird is right.
E. The edition of 1833 inserts stanza 13, and substitutes for 27, 28 the following:
Then spake her cruel step-minnie:
'Tak ye the burning lead,
And drap a drap on her bosome,
To try if she be dead.'
They took a drap o boiling lead,
They drappd it on her breast;
'Alas, alas,' her father cried,
'She's dead without the priest!'
She neither chatterd with her teeth,
Nor shiverd with her chin;
'Alas, alas,' her father cried,
'There is nae breath within!'
After 36 is inserted:
'Commend me to my grey father,
That wished my saul gude rest,
But wae be to my cruel step-dame,
Garrd burn me on the breast'
And mother, 373, is changed to sisters. The step-mother clearly does not belong to this ballad.
Additions and Corrections
P. 356 a. (1.) (2.) (4.) are now printed in Mélusine, II, 342, III, 1, II, 341. (15.) (16.) 'La Fille dans la Tour,' Victor Smith, Chansons du Velay et du Forez, Romania, VII, 76, 78. (17.) Bladé, Poésies p. rec. dans l'Armagnac, etc., p. 23, 'La Prisonniere.'
There is an Italian form of 'Belle Isambourg' in Nigra, No 45, p. 277, 'Amor costante.'
356 b. For other forms of 'Les trois Capitaines,' see, French, Puymaigre, I, 131, 134 and note; Tiersot, in Revue des Traditions populaires, III, 501, 502; Rolland, III, 58 ff., a, b, d; Italian, Marcoaldi, p. 162, 'La Fuga e il Pentimento; ' Nigra, No 53, p. 309, 'L'Onore salvato.'
357 b, second paragraph.
On messenger-birds, see Nigra, p. 339 f., and note.
A girl feigns death simply to avoid a disagreeable suitor. Proof by fire, etc.; cf. C 23 f., D 7 f., E 27 f., F 1-3, G 36-38. Servian. (1.) Mara, promised to the Herzog Stephen, and wishing for good reasons to escape him, pretends death. Stephen is incredulous; puts live coals into her bosom, then a snake; she does not flinch. He then tickles her face with his beard; she does not stir. Stephen is convinced and retires; Mara springs from the bier. Her mother asks her what had given her most trouble. She had not minded the coals or the snake, but could hardly keep from laughing when tickled with the beard. Vuk, I, 551, No 727. (2.) The suitor tests the case by thrusting his hands into the girl's bosom, fire, snake. The first is the worst. Vuk, Herzegovine, No 133. (3.) The same probation, with the same verdict (in this case the girl loves another), Petranović, Srpske n. pjesme, Serajevo, 1867, No 362. Cf. Rajković, p. 176, No 211. — Bulgarian. Proofs by snow and ice laid on the heart; a snake. She stands both. Miladinof, No 68, cf. No 468. In the same, No 660, the girl holds out under ice and snake, but when kissed between the eyes wakes up. — Bohemian, Erben, p. 485, No 20, 'The Turk duped,' and Moravian, Sušil, No 128, the tests are lacking. (W. W.)
Three physicians from Salerno pour melted lead in the hands of Fenice, who is apparently dead. (She has taken a drug which makes her unconscious for a certain time. Her object is to escape from her husband to her lover, Cligés.) The lead has no effect in rousing Fenice. Crestien de Troies, Cligés, ed. Förster, vv. 6000-6009, pp. 246, 247. Förster cites Solomon and Morolf (Salman und Morolf, st. 133, ed. F. Vogt, Die deutschen Dichtungen v. Salomon und Markolf, I, 27, molten gold), and other parallels. Einleitung, pp. xix-xx. Cf. Revue de Traditions pop., II, 519. (G. L. K.)
P. 356 a, III, 517 a. Add: (18) 'La Fille dans la Tour,' Daymard, Vieux Chants p. rec. en Quercy, p. 174; (19) 'La belle dans la Tour,' Pas de Calais, communicated by M. G. Doncieux to Revue des Traditions populaires, VI, 603; (20) 'Belle Idoine,' Questionnaire de Folklore, public par la Société du Folklore Wallon, p. 79.
M. Doucieux has attempted a reconstruction of the text in Mélusine, V, 265 ff. He cites M. Gaston Paris as having lately pointed out a striking similitude between the first half of the French popular ballad and that of a little romance of Bele Ydoine composed in the twelfth century by Audefrois le Bastars (Bartsch, Altfranzösische Romanzen und Pastourellen, p. 59, No 57). This resemblance has, I suppose, occasioned the title of 'Belle Idoine' to be given editorially to No 20 above, for the name does not occur in the ballad.
356 b, in, 517 a. Add: 'Au Jardin des Olives,' Guillon, p. 83, 'Dessous le Rosier blanc,' Daymard, p. 171 (Les trois Capitaines). A girl feigns death to avoid becoming a king's mistress, 'Hertig Henrik och Konungen,' Lagus, Nyländska Folkvisor, I, 117, No 37.
363. E. The following is the Manuscript copy, "of some antiquity," from which E was in part constructed. (Whether it be the original or a transcript cannot be determined, but Mr. Macmath informs me that the paper on which it is written "seems about the oldest sheet in the volume.") The text was freely handled. 'Lord William' does not occur in it, but the name is found in another version which follows this.
[E*] "Scotch Ballads, Materials for Border Minstrelsy," No 146 a, Abbotsford.
1 'O waly, waly, my gay goss-hawk,
Gin your feathering be sheen!'
'O waly, waly, my master dear,
Gin ye look pale and lean!
2 'Whether is it for the gold sae rid,
Or is it for the silver clear?
Or is it for the lass in southen land,
That she cannot win here.'
3 'It is not for the gold sae rid,
Nor is it for the silver clear,
But it is for the lass in southen land,
That she cannot win her[e].'
4 'Sit down, sit down, my master dear,
Write a love-letter hastily,
And put it in under my feathern gray,
And I'll away to southen land as fast as I can flee.
5 'But how shall I your true-love ken?
Or how shall I her know?
I bear the tongue never wi her spake,
The eye that never her saw.'
6 'The red that is in my love's cheek
Is like blood spilt amang the snaw;
The white that is on her breast-bone
Is like the down on the white sea-maw.
7 'There's one that stands at my love's gate
And opens the silver pin,
And there ye may safely set ye on
And sing a lovely song.
8 'First ye may sing it loud, loud, loud,
And then ye may sing it clear,
And ay the oerword of the tune
Is, Your love cannot win here.'
9 He has written a love-letter,
Put it under his feathern gray,
And he 'a awa to southen hind,
As fast as ever he may.
10 When he came to the lady's gate,
There he lighted down,
And there he sat him on the pin
And sang a lovely song.
11 First he sang it loud, loud, loud,
And then he sang it clear,
And ay the oerword of the tune
Was, Your love cannot win here.
12 'Hold your tongues, my merry maids all,
And hold them a little while;
I hear some word from my true-love,
That lives in Scotland's isle.'
13 Up she rose, to the door she goes,
To hear what the bird woud say,
And he's let the love-letter fall
From under his feathern gray.
14 When she looked the letter on,
The tear blinded her eye,
And when she read it oer and oer
A loud laughter took she.
15 'Go hame, go hame, my bonny bird,
And to your master tell,
If I be nae wi him at Martinmass,
I shall be wi him at Yule.'
161 The lady's to her chamber gane,
And a sick woman grew she;
The lady's taen a sudden brash,
And nathing she'll do but die.
7 'An asking, an asking, my father dear,
An asking grant to me!
If that I die in southen land,
In Scotland bury me.'
18 'Ask on, ask on, my daughter dear,
That asking is granted thee;
If that you die in southen land,
In Scotland I'll bury thee.'
19 'Gar call to me my seven bretheren,
To hew to me my bier,
The one half of the beaten gold,
The other of the silver clear.
20 'Go call to me my seven sisters,
To sew to me my caul;
Every needle-steik that they put in
Put by a silver bell.'
21 The first Scots kirk that they came to,
They heard the mavis sing;
The next Scots kirk that they came to,
They heard the dead-bell ring.
22 The next Scots kirk that they came to,
They were playing at the foot-ball,
And her true-love was them among,
The chieftian amangst them all.
23 'Set down, set down these corps,' said he,
'Let me look them upon;'
As soon as he lookd the lady on,
The blood sprang in her chin.
24 'One bite of your bread, my love,
And one glass of your wine!
For I have fasted these five long days,
All for your sake and mine.
25 'Go hame, go hame, my seven brothers,
Go hame and blaw your horn,
And ye may tell thro southen land
How I playd you the scorn.'
26 'Woe to you, my sister dear,
And ane ill death may you die!
For we left father and mother at hame
Breaking their heart for thee.'
The Ettrick Shepherd sent Scott the following stanzas to be inserted in the first edition at places indicated. Most of them are either absolutely base metal or very much worn by circulation. The clever contrivance for breathing (found also in G 39, H 19) and the bribing of the surgeon provoke scorn and resentment.
'Gay Gos Hawk,' "Scotch Ballads, Materials for Border Minstrelsy," No 143, No 133 a, Abbotsford; in the handwriting of James Hogg.
After 12 of ed. 1802 (E 13):
He happit off the flowry birk,
Sat down on the yett-pin,
And sang sae sweet the notes o love
Till a' was coush within.
After 15 (E 16):
'O ye maun send your love a kiss,
For he has sent you three;
ye maun send your love a kiss,
And ye maun send it wi me.'
'He has the rings off my fingers,
The garland off my hair;
He has the heart out o my houk,
What can I send him mair?'
After 22:
'The third Scotts kirk that ye gang to
Ye's gar them blaw the horn,
That a' the lords o fair Scotland
May hear afore the morn.'
After 23:
She wyld a wright to bore her chest,
For caller air she'd need;
She brib'd her surgeon wi the goud
To say that she was dead.
After 25:
'What ails, what ails my daughter dear
Her colour bides sae fine?'
The surgeon-lad reply'd again,
She's nouther pin'd nor lien.
After 30:
The third Scotts kirk that they cam to,
Sae loud they blew the horn,
An a' the lads on yon water
Was warnd afore the morn.
After 31:
'Set down, set down the bier,' he said,
'These comely corps I'll see;'
'Away, away,' her brothers said,
'For nae sick thing shall be.
'Her een are sunk, her lips are cold,
Her rosy colour gane;
'T is nine lang nights an nine lang days
Sin she deceasd at hame.'
'Wer 't nine times nine an nine times nine,
My true-love's face I'll see;
Set down the bier, or here I swear
My prisners you shall be.'
He drew the nails frae the coffin,
An liftit up the cone,
An for a' sae lang as she'd been dead
She smil'd her love upon.
After 35:
'And tell my father he sent me
To rot in Scotland's clay;
But he sent me to my Willie,
To be his lady gay.'
H. "Scotch Ballads, Materials for Border Minstrelsy," No 28 b, Abbotsford; in the handwriting of William Laidlaw.
1 Lord William was walkin i the garden green,
Viewin the roses red,
An there he spyed his bonnie spier-hawk,
Was fleein aboon his head.
2 'O could ye speak, my bonnie spier-hawk,
As ye hae wings to flee,
Then ye wad carry a luve-letter
Atween my love an me.'
3 'But how can I your true-love ken?
Or how can I her know?
Or how can I your true-love ken,
The face I never saw?'
4 'Ye may esily my love ken
Amang them ye never saw;
The red that's on o my love's cheek
Is like bluid drapt on the snaw.'
* * *
5 'O what will be my meat, master?
An what'll be my fee?
An what will be the love-tokens
That ye will send wi me?'
6 'Ye may tell my love I'll send her a kiss,
A kiss, aye, will I three;
If ever she come [to] fair Scotland,
My wedded wife she's be.
7 'Ye may tell my love I'll send her a kiss,
A kiss, aye, will I twae;
An ever she come to fair Scotland,
I the red gold she sail gae.'
* * *
8 The hawk flew high, an she flew leugh,
An south aneath the sun,
Untill it cam, etc.
9 'Sit still, sit still, my six sisters,
An sew your silken seam,
Till I gae to my bower-window
An hear yon Scottish bird sing.'
10 Than she flew high, an she flew leugh,
An' far aboon the wa;
She drapit to that ladie's side,
An loot the letter fa.
11 'What news, what news, my bonnie burd?
An what word carry ye?
An what are a' the love-tokens
My love has sent to me?'
12 'O ye may send your love a kiss,
For he has sent ye three;
Ye hae the heart within his bulk,
What mair can he send thee?'
13 'O I will send my love a kiss,
A kiss, I, will I three;
If I can win to fair Scotland,
His wedded wife I'll be.
14 'O I will send my love a kiss,
An the cairn out o my hair;
He has the heart that's in my buik,
What can I send him mair?
15 'An gae yer ways, my bonnie burd,
An tell my love frae me,
If [I] be na there gin Martinmas,
Gin Tool I there will be.'
* * *
16 'T was up an spak her ill step-minnie,
An ill deed may she die!
'Yer daughter Janet's taen her bed,
An she'll do nought but die.'
17 'An askin, an askin, dear father,
An askin I crave o thee;
If I should die just at this time,
In Scotland burry me.'
18 'There's room eneugh in wide England
To burry thee an me;
But soulcl ye die, my dear daughter,
I Scotland I'll burry thee.'
19 She's warnd the wrights in lilly Londeen,
She's warnd them ane an a',
To mak a kist wi three windows,
The cauler air to blaw.
20 'O will ye gae, my six sisters,
An sew to me a sheet,
The tae half o the silk sae fine,
The tother o cambric white.'
21 Then they hae askit the surgeon at, etc.
22 Then said her cruel step-minnie,
Take ye the boilin lead
An some o 't drap on her bosom;
We'll see gif she be dead.
23 Then boilin lead than they hae taen
An drappit on her breast;
'Alas! alas!' than her father he cried,
'For she 'a dead without the priest!'
24 She neither chatterd in her teeth
Nor shivert wi her chin;
'Alas! alas!' her father cried,
'For there nae life within!'
* * *
25 'It's nine lang days, an nine lang nights,
She's wantit meat for me;
But for nine days, nine langer nights,
Her face ye salna see.'
26 He's taen the coffin wi his fit,
Gard it in flinders flie, etc.
27 'Fetch me,' she said, 'a cake o yer bread
An a wi drap o your wine,
For luve o you an for your sake
I've fastit lang nights nine.'
28 'T was up then spak an eldrin knight,
A grey-haird knight was he;
' Now ye hae left yer auld father,
For you he's like to die.
29 'An ye hae left yer sax sisters
Lamentin a' for you;
I wiss that this, my dear ladie,
Ye near may hae to rue.'
30 'Commend me to my auld father,
If eer ye come him niest;
But nought say to my ill step-minnie,
Gard burn me on the breist.
31 'Commend me to my six sisters,
If ye gang bak again;
But nought say to my ill step-minnie,
Gard burn me on the chin.
32 'Commend me to my brethren bald,
An ever ye them see;
If ever they come to fair Scotland
They's fare nae war than me.
33 'For I cam na to fair Scotland
To lie amang the dead,
But I cam down to fair Scotland
To wear goud on my head.
34 'Nor did I come to fair Scotland
To rot amang the clay,
But I cam to fair Scotland
To wear goud ilka day.'
102. Var. aboon them a'.
367 b. The second edition of the Minstrelsy, 1803, II, 6, inserted 13, from Hogg's communication, substituted 22, 23, 24 of Laidlaw's (H) for 27, 28, introduced 30 of Laidlaw after 36 (all with changes), and made the consequently necessary alteration in 87.
P. 355. M.G. Lewis, in a letter of May 29, 1800 (Letters at Abbotsford, I, No 30), refers to a copy of this ballad (and one of 'Brown Adam') which he had furnished Scott. This might perhaps be the "Manuscript of some antiquity" (printed, IV, 482).
As to the bird's part in this ballad, compare the following passage. A son, in prison, sending a letter to his mother by a bird, gives this charge:
Quando giugnerete alia porta mia,
Là sta un ulivo.
Posati su quell' ulivo,
V'agita e dibatti l'ali,
Ché di te caderà il foglio di carta.
De Rada, Rapsodie d'un poema Albanese, I, canto xvi, p. 29.
P. 356 a, Til, 517 a, IV, 482 a. French. Add: 'La belle qui fait la morte,' 'La fille du duc de Montbrison,' Pineau, Le Folk-Lore du Poitou, p. 311, p. 389 (each, six stanzas); 'La belle dans la tour,' six copies (besides Belle Idoine repeated), M. Wilmotte in Bulletin de Folklore, Société du Folklore Wallon, 1893, p. 35.
356 b, 3d paragraph, III, 51 7 a. Add: A copy of 'Les trois capitaines,' in Mélusine, VI, 52, 183; Wallonia, I, 38; "Fréd. Thomas, La Mosäique du Midi, V, 1841; C. Beauquier, Mem. de la Soc. d'Émulation du Doubs, 1890," Mélusine, VI, 220, where also a Catalan version, which had escaped my notice, Milà y Fontanals, Romancerillo, p. 259, No 264, is registered by M. Doncieux. A Breton version, Me'lusine, VI, 182.
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P. 356, III, 517 a, IV, 482 a, V, 234 a. Chanson du Roi Loys, ou de la Belle dans la Tour. Add 'Le Prince qui torture sa Fille,' Beauquier, Chansons p. recueillies en Franche-Comté, p. 147; copy from Normandy, copy from Savoy, Revue des Traditions populaires, X, 641 f.
356 b, III, 51 7 a, IV, 482, V, 234 a. 'Les trois capitaines.' Add: 'Au château de Belfort,' Beauquier, pp. 59 f., 369 f.
III, 517 b. Girl feigns death to avoid a disagreeable suitor; test of water, fire, and hand in bosom, which last is the hardest to bear: 'Vojvoda Janko i mlada Andjelija,' Hrvatske Pjesme iz "Naše Sloge," II, 65, No 68.
To be Corrected in the Print.
367 a, C 346. The Manuscript reading is dead syne.
To be Corrected in the Print.
517 b, last paragraph of 96, last line but one. Read des.