MEXICAN BORDER SONGS
HARMONIZATION BT PACK
LA CUCARACHA (MEXICAN COCKROACH SONG) . . . Alfred G. IVotkall . 289
MAffANiTAS (DE JALISCO) Alfred, 0. Wathatl . 292
LO QUE DIGO . Alfred G. WaihaU . 94
EL ABANDONADO . Rupert Hughes .... 295
CIELTTO LINDO Alfred G. IVaihatt . 98
ADELITA Alfred G. Wathall .... 800
VERSOS DE MONTALGO Rupert Hughes . S0
28T
Child Drawings from Mexican Folkways
*88
LA CUCARACHA (MEXICAN COCKROACH SONG)
Dark women are good as gold;
Brunettes like silver win;
The blondes are only copper,
And the light ones only tin.
God made the swarthy women;
A silversmith the white ones;
The dark brunettes, a tailor;
A cobbler the black-as-night ones.
In his book, "The Land of Poco Tempo," Charles Luinmis gives these verses as instances of
epigrammatic folk utterances, proverbial rhymes, dichox. Nearly every Mexican sometimes has
made a dicho, and the fittest of them survive, Ltimmis tells us. They include offhand oddities such
as this i
Lovable eyes
Of coffee hue,
Give me a kiss
Of faith all true.
And they may proclaim lines of highly serious mood:
There is no better friend than God,
This is clear and past denying;
For the dearest may betray,
The most truthful may be lying.
We are not surprised that in the song of La Cucaracha (The Cockroach), there is variety of
theme. Sunny Spain heard the likes of some of the verses before they married a new tune in Mexico.
And for understanding the banter and satire of other stanzas one would require knowledge of the
careers of Pancho Villa and Zapata besides an acquaintance with Mexican political and revolution-
ary history. In 1916 in Chicago I heard the tune and two or three stray verses of La Cucaracha
from Wallace Smith and Don Magregor, both of whom as newspaper correspondents with a streak
of outlaw in them, had eaten frijoles with Villa and slept under Pancho's poncho, so to sjieak. Also
T. K. Hedrick from down Texas way sang the Cockroach song in Mexican. However, we must not
assume that a cockroach is what the Mexican means in singing these verses. It may l>e a j>et name,
"The Little Dancer/' we are told by Alice Corbin. For F. S. Curtis, Jr., of the Texas Folk We
Society observes, "A whole dissertation might be written upon the fact that a cucaracha may be
either a cockroach or a little, dricd-up old maid, and that the term was also used as a nickname for
the late Venustiano Carranza; and considerable space might Ixi devoted to explaining that mari-
huana is a weed, which, when smoked, is capable of producing serious narcotic effects and even
causing a homicidal mania." Then he queries significantly, "But of what benefit is such stuff to
the songs of New Mexico?" The text here is from Curtis. He says of the tune, " It strongly sug-
gests a sixteenth century origin, especially with the guitar accompaniment usually used."
S89
LA CUCARACHA
Allegretto
Arr. A. G. W.
When a fcl - low loves a maid-en And that maid - en does -n't love him,
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It's the same as when a bald man Finds a comb up - on the high - way.
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< ,^ _!"-! I . __"_".'_ j ..F
Cuonuj*
The <*u - ca - rafh - a, the cu - ca - rach - a Does -n't want to trav - el
: ^-
on Bc-causc she has - n't Oh, no, she has - n't Ma - ri- hua-na for to smoke.
:= 3Er^*~=== -V^^*
-"l~ r ~?
^=^=^
LA CDCARACHA
1 Cuando uno quiere a una
Y esta una no lo quiere,
Es lo mismo que si un calvo
En la calle encuentr' un peine.
Chorus:
La cucaracha, la cucaracha,
Ya no quieres caminar,
Porque no tienes,
Porque le falta,
Marihuana que fumar.
2 Las muchachas son de oro;
Las casadas son de plata;
Las viudas son de cobre,
Y las viejas oja de lata.
3 Mi vecina de enfrente
Se llamaba Dofia Clara,
Y si no habia rauerto
Es probable se llamara.
4 Las muchachas de Las Vegas
Son muy altas y delgaditas,
Pero son mas pedigueftas
Que las an i mas benditas.
5 Las muchachas de la villa
No saben ni dar un beso,
Cuando las de Albuquerque
Hasta estiran el pescuezo.
6 Las muchachas Mexicanas
Son lindas como una flor,
Y hablan tan dulcemente
Que encantan de amor.
7 Una cosa me da risa
Pancho Villa sin camisa.
Ya se van los Carranzistas
Porque vienen los Villistas.
8 Necesita autom6vil
Par' hacer la caminata
Al lugar a donde mand6
La convenei6n Zapata.
When a fellow loves a maiden
And that maiden doesn't love him,
It's the same as when a bald man
Finds a comb upon the highway.
Chorus:
The cucaracha, the cucaracha,
Doesn't want to travel on
Because she hasn't,
Oh no, she hasn't,
Marihuana for to smoke.
All the maidens arc of pure gold;
All the married girls arc silver;
All the widows are of copjxT,
And old women merely tin.
My neighbor across the highway
Used to be called Dofia Clara,
And if she has not expired
Likely that's her name tomorrow.
All the girls up at Las Vegas
Arc most awful tall and skinny,
But they're worse for plaintive pleading
Than the souls in Purgatory.
All the girls here in the city
Don't know how to give you kisses,
While the ones from Albuquerque
Stretch their necks to avoid misses.
All the girls from Mexico
Are as pretty as a flower
And they talk so very sweetly,
Fill your heart quite up with love.
One thing makes me laugh most hearty -
Pancho Villa with no shirt on
Now the Carranzistas beat it
Because Villa's men are coming.
Fellow needs an automobile
If he undertakes the journey
To the place to which Zapata
Ordered the famous convention.
291
MANANITAS (de Jalisco)
(EARLY MORNINGS) (from Jalisco)
Verses and air were published in Mexican Folkways. Luis Moroues, violinist and Chicagoan,
made a literal translation which was freely rendered by Louis Untermeyer, poet and New Yorker.
Arr. A. G. W.
- P ^ ^ l4-
(1) El dfa en que tu na -cis - te
r-v~i
na - cie -
pzq
(1) The day that iny dear came to us, The
ron to - das las flo res, el dfa en que tu na - cis - te can - ta
jflow'rswcre a -born -ing, too; The day that my dear came to us, The
^
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_
~^~T"~^| ; ~ ;: ^^77 _______ _
m. | -{^ - I gf .ft tt~- __.JjL
y - 1* * U- -g ^ F 1 - -
ron los rui - sc - fio- rc>s.
^3E-P=g!$=ggE
(HKFKAIN)
Ya vie- ne a ma -ne-cien - do ya la
night-in -gales trilled their songs.
Sun - rise is com-ing,is com - ing, The
yfc\__e:
%~
MANANTTAS
^-s g- c e ig'g g'g c "E
luz del dfa nosvi6, ya dis- pier-ta a-mi - ga mia mi-raque yaa-ma - ne - ci6.
c Ld
i
sun has seen us,my dear, A - rise, my lit - tie friend. Look, day light is here.
1 1 dfa en que tu naciste
nacieron todas las flores,
el dfa en que tu naciste
cantaron los ruiseftores.
Refrain:
Ya viene a maneciendo,
ya la luz del dfa nos vi6,
ya dispierta amiga uifa
mira que ya amaneci6.
2 Quisiera ser solecito
para entrar por tu ventana,
y darte los buenos dfas
acostadita en tu cama.
3 For la luna doy un peso,
por el sol doy un tost6n,
por mi amiga Marianita,
la vida y el coraz6n.
4 I)e las estrellas del cielo
quisiera hajarte dos,
una para saludarte
y otra pa deeirte adi6s.
EARLY MORNINGS
(English version by Louis Untermeyer)
1 The day that my dear came to us,
The flow'rs were a-borning too;
The day that my dear came to us,
The nightingales trilled their songs.
Refrain:
Sunrise is coming, is coming,
The sun has seen us, my dear,
Arise, my little friend,
Look, day-light is here.
2 If I were a yellow sunray
I'd sparkle about your head
And flicker a bright "Good Morning"
Before you were out of bed.
3 For the moon I'd give a dollar
For the sun a guinea of gold,
For my sweet friend Marianita
I'd give my heart and soul.
4 From all the stars in heaven
I'd like to bring down two;
With the one I'd say, "How are you?"
With the other, "Good bye to you.
98
LO QUE DIGO
Mexican Folkways, the magazine so ably and humanly edited by Frances Toor in Mexico
City, published the lyric lines and lovely air of this song. Luis Morones, violinist and Chicagoan,
presented the variant given here, as he heard it and sang it when a youth in Jalisco, Mexico. There,
he informs us, it was known as the Venadito Song, venadito meaning little deer or offspring of parent
deer. By many it is considered a characteristic specimen and a superb instance of the Latin- Ameri-
can love song.
Arr. A. G. W.
&
it
Lo que di - go dc hoy en di - a, Lo que di - go lo sos - ten - go,
te~~ "i naj^B isT
mp 3* \* 1* 5 J
H=
t~f- ~~ " ----. - 1.
|. ) _-. ^
. *
Yo no ven- go a ver si pue - do, Yo no ven- go a ver si peu - do, Yo no
<-
<
par.
r>.:_tt^ -"::-- tt-
go a ver si pue - do, Si - no por - que pue - do, ven - go. . .
iE=EpEZ3B^p^^-*rt
& ^ iliH ^-y^7
- T~P~
i t^ L _.pT [--&
Ix) que digo de hoy en dla,
Ix> que digo lo sostengo,
Yo no ven go a ver si puedo,
Yo no ven go a ver si puedo,
Yo no vengo a ver si puedo,
Sino porque puedo, vengo.
1
From Jalisco
What I will say today
I shall always maintain,
I do not come to see,
I do not come to see,
I do not come to see,
If I can, only because I can* I come.
294
LO QUE DIGO
Los higos y las naranjas
En el drbol se maduran,
Los ojitos que se queren,
Los ojitos que se queren,
Los ojitos que se queren,
Dende lejos se saludan.
3 Y a mf me saludaron
Aquellos que estoy mirundo,
Sin poderles contestar,
Sin ix)derles contestar,
Sin poderles contestar,
Su mama" me estii mirando.
4 A las once de la noche
Alld te cspero en el Kiosco,
Pa que sepas que te quero,
Pa que sepas que te quero,
Pa que sepas que te quero,
Y el miedo no lo conozco.
fc Figs and oranges
In the tret* mature,
Little eyes that love each other,
Little eyes that love each other,
Little eyes that love each other,
From afar they say "Hello!"
8 And they said hello to me,
Those little eyes, I sec,
I can not answer though,
I can not answer though,
I can not answer though,
For mother is watching.
4 At eleven o'clock tonight
I shall ho waiting in the Kiosco
You will know I love you,
You will know I love you,
You will know I love you,
And fear I do not know.
EL AHANDONADO
MEXICAN FOLK SONG
"The love song is by far the most common of all Mexican folk-songs. During the trail driving
days many of the cowboys who drove herds from Southern Texas to Kansas and beyond were Mexi-
cans. I have often asked old trail drivers if the raqncros had any such songs as the Texas cowboy H
had. Invariably the answer has been that the vaqueros sang little efoe but love songs. Thus
wrote Frank J. Dobie, Secretary of the Texas Folk Ix>rc Society, in No. tt of the publications of that
organization. Of El Abandonado he wrote that it is one of the most popular of all Mexican songs,
"is sung wherever Mexicans live," and is representative "of that large body of Mexican love songs
to be heard day and night whether in camp or at fiesta.'* Each verse here is given in Mexican,
followed by free translation into English, as presented by Dobie.
Lento mapflfcofio
Arr. R. II.
EL ABANDONADO
do - rias - tcs, urn - jer,
HI -t -_--
cpje
soy muy po - brc ... Y la des - gra - cia
- -r _-.--_. - - -f J ..-& 4.
1 I 1 a ' ''''I r*' - -'-* ~\ gf'-*-- -^.'--' - I- -. iTl.'i^' I
?_. **" -*5- -i**- I V X ' X ^
"g.
es wr Iio.n - brc a
pa - sion - a - do. Pues q\\6 he de
x x i
296
EL ABANDONADO
f f f f
i I LJ "
-j-; :;.
ha
cer,
si yo soy el a - ban - do - na - do? . .
Pues qu6 he de ha - cer, se - rd por el a
P -
inor
<le Dios.
4 j
| f - I *. 4- _L
L -+-$> ' *
1 Me abandonastes, miijcr, ponjue soy muy pobre
Y la desgraeia es ser liombre apasionado.
Pucs qu6 he dc hacer, si yo soy el abandonado?
Pues qu6 he de haccr, sent jx>r el amor de Dios.
You abandon me, woman, because I am very poor; the misfortune is to be a man of passionate
devotion. Then, what am I to do if I am the abandoned one? Well, whatever I am to do will be
done by the will of God.
2 Tres vicios tengo, los tres tengo adoptados:
El ser borracho, jugador, y cnamorado.
Pues qu6 he de hacer si soy el abandonado?
Pues qu6 he dc hacer, serii por el amor de Dios.
Three vices I have cultivated: drunkenness, gambling, and love. Then what am I to do if I
am the abandoned one? Well, whatever I am to do will be done by the will of God.
3 Pero ando ingrato si con mi amor no quedo;
Tal vez otro hombre con su amor se habrd jugado.
Pues qu6 he de hacer, si soy el abandonado?
Pues qu he de hacer, serd por el amor de Dio.
But I go unhappy if with my love I cannot remain. Perhaps another man has toyed with her
love. Then what am I to do if I am the abandoned one? Well, whatever I am to do will be done
by the will of God.
297
CIELITO LINDO
In the southwestern states on the Mexican border are a million or more citkena'of the United
States, having Latin, North American Indian, or Nordic mother tongues, who sing Cielito Lindo
only in Spanish. The text and tune here are from Luis Morones of Chicago, in the version most
familiar to him since birth and education in Mexico, and residence in border states.
Con moto, ma tramjuillo
Arr. A. G. W.
^-^^^gj=jb f= P = ^jfe^^ i s^^^
I)c la Si - c - rra Mo - ro - na, Cie - li - to Lin - do, Vie - ncn ba -
___4 ^ -,-4
.__ - , ~ . - j
E ~3 J ;" ; al^
" * *
Leggiensswio ^ = :
jan - do . .
un par do o - ji - tos nc - gros Cie - li - to
CHORUS
^^
Lin - do de . Con - tra - ban - do. ...
iAy,
Ay, Ay,
CIKUTO UNDO
J. j.J,
m
Ay! . . .
*
Can
ta y no llo - res, , .
per - quc can - tan-
<F T1-^ HF- V^^X N^__^X >.
^ L4====n4r^=rr=t
rr 1-^==% --P^
ft^ T= ^** -^
^^^=gi?M^
do se a - le - gran Cie - li - to Lin - do los co - ra - zo - nes. ,=r
1 De la sierra morena,
cielito lindo,
vicnen bajando
un par de ojitos negros
cielilo lindo
dc contrabando.
Chorus:
jAy, ay, ay, ay!
canta y no llores,
porque cantando sc alcgran
cielito lindo
los corazones.
2 Una flecha en el aire
cielito lindo
Ianz6 Cupido
y co mo fu<5 jugando,
cielito lindo,
yo fuf el herido.
S Pdjaro que abandona
cielito lindo
su primer nido,
vuolvo y lo halla ocupado
cielito lindo
y rnuy mcrccido.
4 Eae lunar que ticnea
cielito lindo
junto a la lxx*a,
no He lo den a nadie
cielito lindo,
que a ml ino toca,
6 Todas las iluciones
cielito lindo
que el amor fragua,
son como las espumas
cielito lindo
que forma el agua.
jAy, ay, ay, ay!
sub(n y rrecen
y con el rni.smo viento
cielito lindo,
desaparecen,
299
ADELITA
The simple song of Adelita is widely known in the Southwest, survives time and usage, and
takes added vitality from the infusion of new verses. I have heard it from the box-car bunk-houses
of Mexican railroad workers in Elmhurst, Illinois, and from a singing guitar player who passed the
hat in the Mexican quarter in Los Angeles, California. I heard the Mayor of Santa Fe, New Mexico,
one afternoon command ten of his constituents and subjects to sing it in unison and in Spanish
which they did. . . . The text and air here are from F. S. Curtis, Jr., who notes that with the possible
exception of stanzas 1 and 5, it is distinctly Mexican in subject matter. "The number of stanzas
available is very nearly unlimited. The version given here was selected because there is a reasonable
amount of connection between the stanzas."
Arr. A. G. W.
Con inoto, ma con eHpromione
A - de - 11 - la's the name of the la - dy . . Who was mis - tress of
mft
"la. ".""r 3 ^" ~T ~ ~~~ - , p~~~
all my pleas - ures here.
Nev - er think I can come to for -
.j ^" : a^^j~
^r^
get her, . . Nor to change her for an - y oth - er dear. . . .
300
ADEUTA
1 Adelita se llama la ingrata,
La qu* era duefia de todo mi placer.
Nunca piensas que llegue a olvidarla
Nl cambiarla por otra mujer.
Si Adelita quisiera ser mi esposa,
Si Adelita fuera mi mujer,
Le comprarfa un vestido de seda
Y la llevara a pasear el cuartel.
3 Ya me llama el clarfn de campafia
Como soldado valiente a pelear.
Correrrd por los calles la sangre
Pero olvidarte jamas me ver&.
4 Si acaso yo muero en campafia
Y mi cadaver en la tierra va a quedar,
Adelita, por Dos te la ruego
Que por mf muerte tu vayas a llorar.
5 Adelita es una fronteriza
Con ojos verdes, color de la mar,
Que trae locos a todos los hombrcs
Y a todos les hace llorar.
6 Si Adelita se fuere con otro
La seguirfa la huella sin cesar,
En aeroplanes y buques de guerra
Y por tierra hast' en tren militar.
Adelita's the name of the lady
Who was the mistress of all my pleasures here.
Never think I can come to forget her,
Nor to change her for any other dear.
If Adelita would take me for a husband,
If Adelita would only be my wife,
I would buy her a costume of satin
And I'd give her a taste of barracks life.
Now the trumi>ct to battle does call me
To fight as every valiant soldier should.
In the streets then the blood will be running,
But 'twill never see me forget thcc.
If j>crhaps I should die in the battle,
And my poor corpse be left upon the field,
Adelita, for God's sake I pray thec
For my death thou wilt shed but one tear.
Adelita's a desperate coquette
With deep green eyes, the color of the sea,
Who drives all the men to distraction
And makes them all weep bitterly.
Should Adelita run of! with another,
I'd trail her always, forever, near and far,
Both in airplanes and ships of the navy,
And on land in a military train.
VERSOS DE MONTALGO
"In the year 1900, Encarnacion Garcia waylaid and killed another Mexican in Cameron County.
Montalgo, a Mexican deputy sheriff, rode up on Encarnacion as the latter was burying his victim.
Kncarnadori resisted arrest, or at least Montalgo always so claimed, and Montalgo killed him. Ten
years later to a day, Kricarnacion's genie got their revenge by killing Montalgo." Thus Frank J.
Dohie, of the Texas Folk Ix>rc Society, gives in brief the facts leading to this ballad in its opening
verses. As to the closing stanzas he notes, "Sandoval had a little ranch and herded goats. He sang
this song to rny brother and presumably had composed it, certainly the last three stanzas. San-
doval came up to the (iranjeno gate while the crowd were viewing the restos of Montalgo. Hino-
josa, a deputy sheriff from Brownsville, came up, did nothing about the murder but arrested poor
old Swidoval for killing the vcnaditoji" . . . "These people of Manoa" refers to a family of Mexicans
that owned a little ranch near by; they were in sympathy with the sisters of the murdered Mon-
talgo; authorities at Brownsville deputized the head of the Manoa family to act as sheriff. . . .
Kdal in the first stanza "seems to be a Mcxicanisrn not recorded in the dictionaries," Dobie notes.
Alma/un is u ranch west of Lyford. Kl puerto (masculine) is irregularly used for la puerta (feminine)
in the fourth and sixth stanzas; there seems to lie authority for such interchange of usage in Spanish
manuscripts dating as far back as 1700. . . . "Versos" Dobie also notes, "as understood and used
by Texas Mexicans, are songs or verses, of folk composition in contradistinction to canciones* songs
derived from more or less literary purveyors, though cannon (song or ballad) is also frequently
applied to verses of loeal composition. For Versos de Montalgo I am indebted to my brother, Elrich
H. Dobie, who learned them while he was caporal (boss of a cow outfit) on the King Ranch in South
Texas, 1016-1917. He says the vaqueros frequently made up songs on local happenings. A white
maverick bull killed two or three horses and had to be shot. A Mexican made up a song on the
subject and for a while it was widely sung by the King Ilanch Mexicans. A raid, a killing, a ladino
(outlaw) horse or steer, a stampede, a daring rider these are characteristic themes for vaquero
improvisation.** . . . The following is one of several stories of Lost Ballads that Frank Dobie tells:
"In the summer of 1!KM, I was with Captain Will Wright's rangers, when they raided a band of
tequila .smugglers on the Nueces River in La Salle County. It was an interesting raid; one smuggler
had to be killed and over a thousand quarts of tequila were captured. I am told that a very long
song was composed on the subject, in which certain gringos, including myself, are not very well
spoken of. Much to my disappointment, I have been unable to hear the song or secure a copy
of it/ 1
Arr. R. H.
Allegro
S02
VERSOS DE MONTALGO
m
Bt
^
En el mil nueve cien - tos y di -ez Y los
euen - to sin e - dal-
>TN
if:
A Mon-tal - go le ma-ta-ron Or - ea del ca - mi -no re-al.
/t\
1 En el rail nucv r c cientos y diez
Y los cuento sin eclal
A Montalgo le mataron
Cerca del carnino real.
2 A Montalgo le mataron,
Le mataron sin raz6n,
A los diez aftos cumplidos
Que le mat 6 a Encarnaci6n.
3 Lunes en la mafiana
Sali6 del Almazan.
Montalgo no sabfa
Que le tciiian su plan.
4 A las tres sali6 de Lyford
En su caballo bayito,
En el Puerto del Granjeno
Ahf le formaron sitio.
In the year 1010 and I give the date with-
out uncertainty they killed Montalgo near
the public road.
They killed Montalgo, killed him without
reason, after ten years had passed from the
time he killed Encarnaci6n.
Monday in the morning Montalgo left the
Almazan. He did not know that there was a
plot against him.
At three o'clock in the afternoon he left
Lyford on his dun horse. At the gate called
Granjeno his enemies had laid an ambush.
803
VERSOS DE MONTALGO
6 Cuanclo Montalgo cay 6,
1 malhecho le dec fa:
"No te asustan, Montalgo;
Pdgaste lo que debfas."
Y perdido estuvo un mes,
Eso dicen por cierto,
Que eri el Puerto del Granjeno
Ahf le liallaron rnuerto.
7 Al mes hallaron los restos
Envueltos en un costal;
Arriha tenfan hierba.s,
Y rna.s arriha nopal.
8 Cuando we junt6 la gente,
E.stuvieron mcdio dfa;
La mayor parte decfa
"jVAlgame Diosf <jcorno serfa?'
9 Las Hermanns de Montalgo
Lloruron sin companion
"|C)h, Montalgo, to mataron
A traicion!"
10 Esta gente del Manoa
Ayudaron de corn 7,611;
Y a las scis u ocho dfas
Le mandaron eoniision.
11 Al pobrc Sandoval
Le pegaron sin tuerea;
Le subieron a express
Con dos vcnaditas muertas.
12 En el camino arreglarou
Con el seftor Ilinojosa
Con veinticineo moneas
Que le dicron.
13 El que eompuso esos versos
No sabfa lo que decfa;
Anda va cuidnndo cnbras
Que no se corta la gufa.
When Montalgo fell, murder said to him:
"You need not be scared, Montalgo; pay what
you owe."
He (that is, Montalgo's body) was lost for a
month. This is said for a certainty; that at
the Granjeno gate they found him dead.
At the end of a month they found the remains
wrapped up in a sack; on top of them were
weeds and on top of the weeds prickly pear was
piled.
When the people got together, they remained
assembled for half a day. "Good God!*' most
of them cried, "how did this come about?*'
Montalgo's sisters wept most piteously. "Oh,
Montalgo!" they cried, "they have murdered
you through treason."
These people of Manoa out of a good heart
helped the sisters. In six or eight days they
(the proper authorities) sent him (the head of
the Manoa family) a commission.
Poor Sandoval they nabbed without hand-
cuffs, and hoisted him up on his wagon along
with two little deer that he had killed.
On the road they fixed it up with Seftor Hino-
josa by paying him $5.
The fellow who made these verses did not
know what he was talking about. Let him care
for his goats and see that some bell-wether does
not cut off with a bunch of them.
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