British Versions 7S. Down in a Meadow (Unfortunate Swain/ Picking Lilies) Roud 18829
["Down in a Meadow" or "Unfortunate Swain" is a love song that is similar to or based on stanzas from the c. 1750 broadside "Unfortunate Swain" also titled "Picking Lilies[1]". The various versions similar to or derived from Unfortunate Swain should, in general, be titled after the opening stanza[2]. Titles are varied and include "Down in the/a Meadow/Valley," "In Yon Garden," and in the US, "Gathering Flowers."
Since some of the stanzas are also found in Waly, Waly (Water is Wide), Cecil Sharp used "Waly, Waly" as his master title. Many other versions have acquired the generic title, "Deep in Love," which is the master title given by Sabine Baring-Gould who published a version in 1891 and did a study of print and traditional versions in his MS. Gladys Stone's 1954 version[3] is sometimes titled "Deep in Love" but since the "deep in love" stanza is subordinate, I've changed it to "Down in the Valley." Her version comes from her father Jack Johnson who wrote down his ballads and songs in a notebook. One 1970s version collected from gypsy singer Jasper Smith of Essex is appropriately title, "Down in the Meadow." The three main traditional variants of the Unfortunate Swain group, titled by the first stanza, are "Down in a Meadow," "Must I Go Bound" and "Deep in Love." "Must I Go Bound" is also associated with other songs whereas "Down in a Meadow" and "Deep in Love" are usually made up of stanzas entirely from The Unfortunate Swain.
Here's the text for Ab, a standard broadside titled, "The Unfortunate Swain" from The Merry Songster; Being a collection of songs, Printed and sold in Aldermary Church Yard, Bow Lane, London, about 1770 (original spelling and capitalization kept):
"The Unfortunate Swain"
1. Down in a Meadow both fair and gay,
Plucking a Flowers the other day,
Plucking a Flower both red and blue,
I little thought what Love could do.
2. Where Love's planted there it grow(s),
It buds and blows much like any Rose;
And has so sweet and pleasant smell,
No Flower on Earth can it excell.
3. Must I be bound and she be free?
Must I love one that loves not me?
Why should I act such a childish Part
To love a Girl that will break my Heart.
4. There's thousand thousands in room,
My true love carries the highest Bloom,
Sure she is some chosen one,
I will have her, or I'll have none.
5. I spy'd a Ship sailing on the Deep,
She sail'd as deep as she could swim;
But not so deep as in Love I am,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
6. I set my Back against an oak,
I thought it had been a Tree;
But first it bent and then it broke,
So did my false Love to me.
7. I put my Hand into a Bush,
Thinking the sweetest Rose to find,
l prick'd my Finger to the Bone,
And left the sweetest Rose behind.
8. If Roses are such prickly Flowers,
They should be gather'd while they're green,
And he that loves an unkind Lover,
I'm sure he strives against the stream.
9. When my love is dead and at her rest,
I'll think of her whom I love best
I'll wrap her up in Linnen strong,
And think on her when she's dead and gon[e].
The choice and the order of stanzas seems arbitrary. What's remarkable is that the individual stanza exhibit a wide variety of emotions from the exhilaration of love (stanzas 1, 2, 4, 5) to the agony of despair and death (stanzas 3, 6, 7, 8, 9). The first stanza or more accurately the first line is occasionally found in the Died for Love songs and their relatives. It's sometimes mixed with the similar first line from "Constant Lady and the False Heart Squire," a c. 1686 broadside more commonly used in Died for Love. Stanza 4 ("If there's a thousand in the room") is found in Sailor Boy (Sweet William) a relative of Died for Love. Stanzas 7 and 8 are usually joined and come from Martin Parker's "Distressed Virgin" of c.1626. The other stanzas appear in print and in tradition in a variety of ways.
At least 6 print versions appeared before 1700 with one from Scotland. Jurgen Kloss has provided these texts and has supplied the following (See: "The Water Is Wide" The History Of A "Folksong"): After the turn of the century "The Unfortunate Swain" was published in Scotland in at least four different chapbooks. They are all listed in the catalogue of Scottish chapbooks on the website of the University of Glasgow:
1. Bruce's address: to which are added, The blue cockade; Sorrow and care; The unfortunate swain, Printed and sold by C. Randall, Stirling 1805
2. The shady grove. To which are added, The maid's complaint for Jockey. Happy Lizzy, blooming maid. The lass of Primrose-hill. The unfortunate swain. She wakes, Sabina wakes, Printed by J. & M. Robertson, Saltmarket, Glasgow 1799, 1802 & 1807
3. An excellent new song, called, Esk mill : To which are added, The ship in distress. The happy fire-side. Vulcan's cup. The unfortunate swain. The maid's complaint for Jockey, Printed by M. Randall, Stirling [1813-1820?]
4. The crafty farmer: To which are added, The unfortunate swain. A new love song. Advice to the fair, Printed by M. Randall, Stirling [1813-1820?]
The first extant traditional version, dated 1787, is "In Yon Garden," a three stanza fragment probably from Ettrick, Scotland area. It was sung by Charles Johnson, father of the Scots Musical Museum's James Johnson, who grew up in Ettrick. Since Charles Johnson learned it as a child, his version predates the c.1750 version of Unfortunate Swain. Here's the text in full:
IN YON GARDEN. In “Scots Musical Museum” of Johnson, 1787, VI. p. 582
IN yon garden fine and gay,
Picking lilies a' the day,
Gathering flowers o' ilka hue,
I wistna then what love could do.
Where love is planted, there it grows;
It buds and blooms like any rose;
It has a sweet and pleasant smell:
No flower on earth can it excel.
I put my hand into the bush,
And thought the sweetest rose to find,
But pricked my finger to the bone,
And left the sweetest rose behind.
In the late 1880s Sabine Baring-Gould of Devon began a study of versions with the Unfortunate Swain after he was sent a version[4]. He found several antecedent stanzas in older broadsides as well as two versions of Unfortunate Swain, one which he dated 1766. Baring Gould titled his 1891 version in Songs of the West, "Deep in Love" after the third line in the "ship sailing on the sea" stanza. "Deep in Love" became the master title for the Unfortunate Swain when it was just one line in one stanza. Baring Gould's title became the established master title, a practice that continues today[5]. One of Baring-Gould's collected versions meets the requirement to be a version of Down in a Meadow/Unfortunate Swain. This is Baring-Gould's F version in his MS and his third version of the song he titled, "Deep in Love":
[In the Meadows] Taken down from Will. Nichols, Whitchurch, May 29 1891: his grandmother’s song from about 1825.
In the meadow t’other day
Plucking flowers both fine & gay
Plucking flowers red, white & blue
I little thought what love could do.
Where love is planted there it grows
It buds and blossoms like a rose
It bears a sweet & pleasant smell
There’s not a flower can it excell.
Ten thousand ladies in the room
My love she is the fairest bloom
[Surely she must be some chosen one,]
I said I would have her or none.
Two short versions were collected by Cecil Sharp in 1905 and 1906 which he called Waly, Waly. In 1909 George Gardiner collected a tune with one verse from one Thomas Bulbeck, also from Sussex (GG/1/21/1385, at The Full English):
Later in the 1900s in England an important version was collected by Bob Copper from a handwritten notebook by John Johnson (1865-1943), in Fittleworth, Sussex. It was sung by his daughter Gladys Stone who was recorded in 1954 by Copper. The text follows:
"Down in the Valley"
Down in the valley the first of May,
Of gathering flowers both fresh and gay
Of gathering flowers both red and blue
I little thought what love could do.
Where love is planted there it grows,
It buds and blossoms most like a rose,
It has a sweet and pleasant smell,
No flower on earth can it excel
I put my hand into the bush
Thinking the sweetest rose to find,
I pricked my finger to the bone,
I left the sweetest rose behind.
If roses are such prickly flowers
They ought to be gathered when they are green,
For controlling of an unkind lover
I'm sure strives hard against the stream.
I leant my back against an oak
Thinking its beams some trustive tree,
But first it bent and then it broke,
And so did my false love and me.
I saw a ship sailing on the deep,
She sailed as deep as she could swim,
But not so deep as in love I am,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
Thousands and thousands all on this earth
I think my love carries the highest show,
Surely she is some chosen one,
I will have her or I'll have none.
But now she's dead and in her grave;
Poor girl, I hope that her heart's at rest.
We will wrap her up in some linen strong
And think of her now she is dead and gone.
One of simplest yet the most moving versions was sung by gypsy singer Jasper Smith near Epsom, Surrey, probably April 26, 1975[6]:
"Down in the Meadow"
1. Oh down in the meadow the other day,
Gathering flowers both bright and both gay,
Gathering flowers both red and blue
Little had I thought what love could do.
2. So I lean my back against an oak,
Thinking it was a trusty tree,
At first it bent and then it broke,
So did my true love to me.
3. A ship there is that sails the sea,
she's loaded deep as deep can be,
But no so deep as the love I'm in,
I not know where[whether] I sink or swim.
Although Smith's excellent version only has three stanzas it seems complete. The "Down in a Meadow" Unfortunate Swain songs are rare in the UK. See Also headnotes and versions of "Must I Go Bound' and "Deep in Love." For more detailed notes see the 7S. Down in a Meadow (Unfortunate Swain) headnotes.
R. Matteson 2017]
________________________________
Footnotes:
1. "Picking Lilies" from 1782 chapbook reprinted in W. H. Logan, A Pedlar's Pack of Ballads and Songs; also in Glasgow chapbook.
2. Acceptable titles include "The Unfortunate Swain" and also titles based on the first line "Down in a/the Meadow" or first stanza, "Gathering Flowers." The individual stanzas sometimes appear alone (a fragment) or in different combinations. In most cases the first stanza has priority and the title would be based on the opening line or identifying line of that stanza.
3. "Down in a Valley" as sung by Mrs. Gladys Stone of Fittleworth Sussex. Recorded by Bob Copper in 1954.
4. Baring-Gould's MS: "Sent me by Miss Octavia L. Hoare, Cornwall Cottage Dean, Kimbolton. 'Herewith I send melody & words of what I believe to be an old Cornish song. I heard it sung by an old Cornish parson, Mr. Walker of S. Enoder, who had
picked it up from an old fellow in his parish.' 1889"
5. Roud lists all versions under the Deep in Love umbrella as Roud 18829. Steve Gardham uses the "Deep in Love" master title.
6. "Down in the Meadow," sung by Jasper Smith: recorded by Mike Yates near Epsom, Surrey, probably April 26, 1975; from Travellers (12TS395, 1979).
_______________________________
CONTENTS: (To access individual versions click on blue highlighted title below or on the the title attached to this page on left-hand column)
1) In Yon Garden- Charles Johnson (Selkirk) c.1743
2) A New Love Song- (Newcastle) c.1750 J. White broadside
The Unfortunate Swain- (London) c.1770 print, songbook
The Unfortunate Swain. A New Song- (Lon) 1780 broadside
Picking Lilies- (Glasgow) c.1782 Chapbook
In the Meadows- Will Nichols (Devon) c.1825
The Prickly Rose- Anon (Buchan) 1850 Christie
Down In Yon Meadows- T. Hepple (Northumb) 1857
Down in the Meadows- C. Cox (Som) 1905 Sharp
As I Was Walking- Mrs Poole (Dor) 1906 Hammond
Down in the Meadows- J. Thomas (Som) 1906 Sharp
Down in those Meadows- Cranstone (Sus) c.1907
As I walked out- Thomas Bulbeck (Sus) 1909 Gardiner [this page]
Down in the Valley- Gladys Stone (Sus) 1954 Copper
Down In The Meadow- J. Smith (Sur) 1975 Yates
__________________
Percy Grainger Manuscript Collection (PG/5/143)
I Lent My Back Against An Oak
I lent my back against an oak
Thinking it was a trusty tree,
But first it bent and then it broke
And so did my false love to me.
Performer:
Date: 15 Sep 1906
Place: England : Lincolnshire : Horncastle
Collector: Penny, James A.
---------------
Henry Hammond Manuscript Collection (HAM/4/22/7)
Deep In Love
First Line:
Performer: Poole, (Mrs.)
Date: Jun 1906
Place: England : Dorset : Beaminister
Collector: Hammond, H.E.D.
Roud No: 18829
As I Was Walking- Sung by Mrs. Tom Poole of Beaminister, Dorset in June, 1906
As I was walking in the dew,
Gathering flowers red, white and blue;
Gathering flowers red, white and blue,
I little knew what love could do.
Where love is planted, there it grows,
And blossoms smell most like any rose,
And all the world will plainly see,
That I loved one that never loved me.
I put my back up against some tree,
Thinking it was a trusty tree,
But first it bent and then did break,
And so did my false love to me.
Oh! dig me a grave, large wide and deep;
And a marble-stone to cover me,
And in the middle of it two turtle dove,
To show young men I died for love.
----------------
Matt Quinn learned Deep in Love from the singing of Gladys Stone and recorded it for his 2017 CD The Brighton Line.
Gladys source was probably a handwritten notebook of John Johnson (c.1865-c.1943),
The article examines the relationship between British singer Gladys Stone and her father John Johnson. The author narrates Sussex singing family member Bob Copper's visit to Stone's home in Fittlesworth, West Susswex England in November 1954 while collecting folk songs for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The author adds that Stone showed Copper the song book that her father Johnson had compiled which included "Her Servant Man."
Gladys Stone: Deep in Love (Roud 18829) (3.06) recorded by Bob Copper at Fittleworth, Sussex, November 27, 1954
"Down in the Valley"
Down in the valley the first of May,
Of gathering flowers both fresh and gay
Of gathering flowers both red and blue
I little thought what love could do.
Where love is planted there it grows,
It buds and blossoms most like a rose,
It has a sweet and pleasant smell,
No flower on earth can it excel
I put my hand into the bush
Thinking the sweetest rose to find,
I pricked my finger to the bone,
I left the sweetest rose behind.
If roses are such prickly flowers
They ought to be gathered when they are green,
For controlling of an unkind lover
I'm sure strives hard against the stream.
I leant my back against an oak
Thinking its beams some trustive tree,
But first it bent and then it broke,
And so did my false love and me.
I saw a ship sailing on the deep,
She sailed as deep as she could swim,
But not so deep as in love I am,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
Thousands and thousands all on this earth
I think my love carries the highest show,
Surely she is some chosen one,
I will have her or I'll have none.
But now she's dead and in her grave;
Poor girl, I hope that her heart's at rest.
We will wrap her up in some linen strong
And think of her now she is dead and gone.
--------------------
Jasper Smith (1920-2003) of Epsom Surrey
My father's the king of the gypsies
JASPER SMITH voice: Down In The Meadow
Jasper Smith: Down in the Meadow (Roud 18829) (1.08)
recorded by Mike Yates near Epsom, Surrey, probably April 26, 1975;
from Travellers (12TS395, 1979)
1. Oh down in the meadow the other day,
Gathering flowers both bright and both gay,
Gathering flowers both red and blue
Little had I thought what love could do.
2. So I lean my back against an oak,
Thinking it was a trusty tree,
At first it bent and then it broke,
So did my true love to me.
3. A ship there is that sails the sea,
she's loaded deep as deep can be,
But no so deep as the love I'm in,
I not know where[1] I sink or swim.
1. whether
-----------------------
From (the publisher of the Museum) James Johnson's father Charles Johnson who said it was an old song in his young days [ref. Whitelaw, others]
IN YON GARDEN.
In “Scots Musical Museum” of Johnson, 1787, VI. p. 582
IN yon garden fine and gay,
Picking lilies a' the day,
Gathering flowers o' ilka hue,
I wistna then what love could do.
Where love is planted, there it grows;
It buds and blooms like any rose;
It has a sweet and pleasant smell:
No flower on earth can it excel.
I put my hand into the bush,
And thought the sweetest rose to find,
But pricked my finger to the bone,
And left the sweetest rose behind.
----------
Baring Gould F.
In the meadow t’other day
Plucking flowers both fine & gay
Plucking flowers red, white & blue
I little thought what love could do.
Where love is planted there it grows
It buds & blossoms like a rose
It bears a sweet & pleasant smell
There’s not a flower can it excell.
Ten thousand ladies in the room
My love she is the fairest bloom
………………………………….
I said I would have her or none.
Taken down from Will. Nichols, Whitchurch, May 29 1891: his grandmother’s song sung abt. 1825.
---------------
"The Unfortunate Swain" and Related Songs
1. "A New Love Song"
From: Two excellent New songs. I. A new Love Song. II. Newcastle Ale, [1750?] (Roxburghe Ballads III.421, available
at the English Broadside Ballad Archive, EBBA; possibly published in Newcastle by John White, ESTC T52067 )
Down in yon Meadow fresh and gay,
Picking of Flowers the other day,
Picking of Lillies red and blue:
I little thought what Love could do.
Where Love is planted there it grows,
It buds and blossoms much like a Rose;
And has a sweet and pleasant smell,
No Flower on earth can it excel.
Must I be bound, must she be free,
Must I love one that loves not me;
If I should act such a childish Part
To love a Girl that will break my Heart.
If there are thousands, thousands in a Room,
My true love she carries the brightest Bloom,
Sure she is some chosen one,
I will have her or I'll have none.
I saw a Ship sailing on the Deep,
She sail'd as deep as she could swim;
But not so deep as in Love I am,
I care not whether it sink or swim.
I set my Back against an oak,
I thought it was a trusty tree,
But first it bent and then it broke
So did my false Love to me.
I put my Hand into the Bush,
Thinking the sweetest Rose to find,
l prick'd my Fingers to the Bone,
And left the sweetest Rose behind.
If Roses be such prickly Flowers,
They should be gather'd while they're green,
And he that loves an unkind Lover,
I'm sure he strives against the stream.
When my love is dead and at an end,
I'll think of her whom I love best
I'll wrap her up Linning strong,
And think on her when she's dead and gone.
2. "The Unfortunate Swain"
From: The Merry Songster. Being a collection of songs, Printed and sold in Aldermary
Church Yard, Bow Lane, London, [1770?],
ESTC
T39283
, available at ECCO
Down in a Meadow both fair and gay,
Plucking a Flowers the other day,
Plucking a Flower both red and blue,
I little thought what Love could do.
Where Love's planted there it grow,
It buds and blows much like any Rose;
And has so sweet and pleasant smell,
No Flower on Earth can it excell.
Must I be bound and she be free?
Must I love one that loves not me?
Why should I act such a childish Part
To love a Girl that will break my Heart.
There's thousand thousands in room,
My true love carries the highest Bloom,
Sure she is some chosen one,
I will have her, or I'll have none.
I spy'd a Ship sailing on the Deep,
She sail'd as deep as she could swim;
But not so deep as in Love I am,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
I set my Back against an oak,
I thought it had been a Tree;
But first it bent and then it broke,
So did my false Love to me.
I put my Hand into a Bush,
Thinking the sweetest Rose to find,
l prick'd my Finger to the Bone,
And left the sweetest Rose behind.
If Roses are such prickly Flowers,
They should be gather'd while they're green,
And he that loves an unkind Lover,
I'm sure he strives against the stream.
When my love is dead and at her rest,
I'll think of her whom I love best
I'll wrap her up in Linnen strong,
And think on her when she's dead and gon.
3. "The Unfortunate Swain. A new Song"
Broadside, no imprint, [1780?] (ESTC
T010507
available at ECCO; same edition with identical woodcut and text:
Harding B22(312)
, undated, in the
allegro Catalogue
& Madden Ballads, Reel 3, Frame 1936; another edition with the
same text (in the last verse the lines are printed in the wrong order) but a different woodcut, published [1790?] (ESTC
T050423
, available at ECCO)
Down in a meadow fair and gay
Plucking a Rose the other day,
Plucking a Rose both red and blue,
I little thought what love could do.
Where love is planted there it grows,
It buds and blossoms like a rose,
And has so sweet and pleasant smell,
No power on earth can it excel.
Must I be bound that can go free?
Must I love one that loves not me?
Why should I act such a childish part
To love a girl that will break my neart.
If there's a thousand in the room,
My true love has the highest bloom,
Sure she is some chosen one,
I will have her or, I'll have none.
I spy'd a ship sailing in the deep
She sailed as deep as she could swim,
But not deep as in love I am,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
I set my foot against an oak
I thought it had been a trusty tree,
But first it bent and then it broke
And so did my true love to me.
I put my band into a bush,
Thinking the sweetest rose to find,
l prick'd my finger to the bone,
I wish I'd left that rose behind.
If roses are such prickly flowers,
They should be gathered while they are green,
And he that loves an unkind maid,
I'm sure he strives against the stream.
When my love is dead and at her rest
I'll think of her whom I love best
To wrap her up in linen strong
I'll think of her when dead and gone.
4. "A new song, intutitled Picking Lilies"
From: Four excellent songs intituled, I. Picking Lillies. II. The Sailor's Lamentation. III. Low down in the Broom. IV.
Willie is the Lad for me, [Newcastle upon Tyne?, 1780?] (
ESTC
T012281
, available at ECCO)
Down in a Meadow fresh and gay,
Picking lilies all the day,
Picking lillies red and blue:
I little thought what love could do.
Where love is planted there it grows,
It buds and blossoms like any Rose;
It has so sweet and a pleasant smell,
No flowers on earth it can excel.
There's thousands, thousands in a room,
My love she carries the brightest bloom,
Surely she is the chosen one,
I will have her or I will have none.
I saw a ship sailing on the sea,
Loaded as deep as she could be;
But not so deep as in love I am,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
I set my back unto an oak,
Thinking it was some trusty tree,
But first it bow'd and then it brake
And so did my true Love to me.
I put my hand into the bush,
Thinking the sweetest rose to find,
l prick'd my Finger into the Bone,
But left the sweetest Rose behind.
If roses be such a prickly flower,
They ought to be gathered while they're green,
And he that loves an unkind lover,
I am sure he striveth against the stream.
When my love and I is gone to rest,
I'll think of her whom I love best
I'll wrap her in the linen strong,
And I'll think on her when she's dead & gone.
5. "Picking Lilies"
From: The Dandy---o. To which are added, Tippet is the dandy---o. The toper's advice. Picking lilies. The dying swan,
Glasgow 1799 (ESTC
T190595
, available at ECCO). A very similar text with some minor variations was published in
W. H. Logan, A Pedlar's Pack of Ballads and Songs, Edinburgh 1869, pp. 336-7 (available at
The Internet Archive
). His
source was another chapbook: Four excellent new songs, 1. The Captain's Frolic; 2. Picking Lilies; The distressed
sailors on the rocks of Scylla; 4. The Generous Gentleman, ca. 1782
Down in yon meadow fresh and gay,
Picking lilies the other day,
Picking lilies red and blue:
I little thought what Love could do.
Where love is planted there it grows,
It buds and blossoms like any rose;
It has sucha sweet and pleasant smell,
No flower on earth can it excel.
There are thousands, thousands in a room,
My true love she carries the brightest bloom,
She surely is some chosen one,
I will have her or I will have none.
I saw a Ship sailing on the Sea,
As deeply loaden as she could be,
But not so deep as in love I am,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
Must I be bound shall she go free?
Must I love one that loves not me!
If I should act such a childish part,
As to love one that would break my Heart.
I put my hand into the Bush,
Thinking the sweetest rose to find,
But I prick'd my fingers to the bone,
And left the sweetest rose behind.
If roses be such prickly flowers,
They should be gather'd when they are green,
For he that wooes an unkind Lover,
I'm sure he striveth against the stream.
If my love were dead and gone to rest,
Iwould think on her that I love best,
I'll wrap her up in linen strong,
And think on her when she's dead and gone.
6. "Maid's Complaint"
Text from undated broadsides in the Madden Collection (Madden Ballads, Reel 8, Frame 5377; Reel 9, Frames 5914 &
6132)
Down in a meadow fine and gay,
Plucking the flowers the other day,
Plucking the flowers red and blue:
I little thought what Love could do.
Where Love is plenty there it grows,
It buds and flowers like a Rose;
It is such a sweet and pleasant smell,
No flower on earth can it excel.
I saw a Ship sailing on the main,
As deep as ever it could swim;
But not so deep as is my pain,
I care not whether I sink or swim.
I set my back against an oak,
I took it for a trusty tree,
But first it bent and then it broke
So did my false love to me.
I put my Hand into a bush,
Thinking the sweetest flower to find,
l prick'd my finger to the bone,
And left the sweetest rose behind.
If roses are such prickling Flowers,
They should be gather'd while they are green,
And they that love inconstant lovers,
Are sure to strive against the stream.
Must I be bound and he be free,
Must I love one that loves not me;
If I should act such a foolish part
To love a man that will break my heart.
I'll lay me down and take my rest,
And think on him whom I love best;
I'll lay him up in my memory so strong,
He'll think on me when I'm dead and gone.