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Johnny Fill Up the Bowl (Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye/When Johnny Comes Marching Home)
Irish, American; March (6/8 time); Widely known
ARTIST: From A. ANDERSON, No. 420 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, 1800's no date given
CATEGORY: Fiddle and Instrumental Tunes
DATE: Johnny Fill Up the Bowl (1863); Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye (1802); When Johnny Comes Marching Home (Civil War) There are several copies of “When Johnny Comes Marching Home” dated 1863 in the Levy sheet music collection.
RECORDING INFO: Thieme, Art. Songs of the Heartland, Kicking Mule KM 148, LP (1982), cut# 12 (Johnny Fill Up the Bowl); Bud & Travis. Bud & Travis in Concert, Liberty LDS 12001, LP (196?), cut#1.04; Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem. Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem, Tradition TLP 1042, LP (1961), cut#B.07; Forbes, Walter. Ballads and Bluegrass, RCA (Victor) LPM-2472, LP (1962), cut# 7; Luxon, Benjamin; and Bill Crofut. Simple Gifts. British and American Folk Songs, Stolat SZM 0124, LP (1981), cut#A.06; Sessions, Bob. Blue Dog Cellar Project No. 1, Kimberly RINC 1245, LP (196?), cut#A.04;
OTHER NAMES: “For Bales;” "In Eighteen Hundred and Sixty One” "When Johnny Comes Marching Home." “Buchan Miller;” “Wind It Blew Up the Railroad Track”
RELATED TO: “Ghost Riders in the Sky,” the absolutely original melody is “When Johnny Comes Marching Home” moved from 6/8 time to 4/4. “Paddy Works on the Railway/Erie;” “Miller Tae My Trade” "Snapoo" (tune); "Mademoiselle from Armentieres" (approximate tune)
SOURCES: Ceolas; American Memory Collection; Max Hunter Collection; Levy sheet music collection; O'Neill-Waifs and Strays of Gaelic Melody 1922, No. 69;
NOTES: C Major. Standard. One part. Origin of "When Johnny Comes Marching Home," “Johnny Fill Up the Bowl” “Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye” songs points to "John Anderson, My Jo," which is part of the “Paul’s Steeple,” "I am the Duke of Norfolk/York," "St. Paul's Steeple" song group.
Here’s some info about “Paul’s Steeple” from Ceolas: English, Country Dance Tune (cut time). G Dorian. Standard. AB. The air was published by Playford in his English Dancing Master (1650-95) and Division Violist (1685). Chappell (1859) reports the steeple of Old St. Paul's was set on fire by lightning and burnt down in June, 1561, and that within seven days a ballad was entered on the subject at the Stationers' Company. The melody is part of a large tune family which includes the Scottish song "John Anderson, My Jo," the Irish "Cruiskeen Lawn," the American "When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again," and the Welsh "Yn Nyffryn Clwyd" (The Vale of Clyde). In addition it is a relative of "Godesses" and "Quodling's Delight," all of which, according to John M. Ward, can be considered descants over the ground known as 'passamezzo antico'. As the vehicle for the song "The Little Man and Little Maid" the tune appears in The Edinburgh Musical Miscellany, printed in that city in 1793 by Grant and Moir. Chappell (Popular Music of the Olden Time), Vol. 1, 1859; pgs. 282-283. Raven (English Country Dance Tunes), 1984; pg. 44.
JOHNNY I HARDLY KNEW YE- ORIGIN: O'Neill (Waifs and Strays of Gaelic Melody 1922, No. 69) notes: "Classed as a street ballad in Halliday Sparling's Irish Minstrelsy, London 1887, the editor adds, in a note on page 366: Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye !- This favorite old song is here for the first time given complete. It dates from the beginning of the present century (19th), when Irish regiments were so extensively raised for the East India service.
In "Songs of Ireland," Herbert Hughes, writing in his "Irish Country Songs" (London 1934) says, " Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye is a classic case of a song surviving it's period and presenting a problem for the later folklorist.." His father, whose memories went back to the American Civil War, felt that it belonged to that period and came from the States - having probably been in the repertory of the Christy Minstrels. It had been published in London in1867, but internal evidence dates it back perhaps to as early as1802, when Irish regiments were extensively recruited for the East India service."
Hughes carefully established the song's pre-Civil War Irish origin: “But further research dated it back, conjecturally, to the period immediately succeeding the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, when, as H. H. Sparling pointed out, Irish regiments were extensively recruited for the East India service. In his 'Irish Minstrelsy" (Walter Scott, 1887) Sparling described it as a street ballad in which "the island of Ceylon " is given as "the island of Sulloon"; and in the complete edition of that work he made the following note:
Because in one late version, "Why did you run from me and the child?" is made "Why did you skedaddle," etc., and this word only came into use during the War of Secession, some have imagined this song to be of recent date, and have even attributed it to the Irish American music halls. My own memory carries it back to very near the war, when I heard an old fisherman sing it, to whom it was even then old. It was he who told me of its age and meaning, what I have said above, which is corroborated by the reference to Ceylon. It is hard to believe that any one can read this wonderful piece of grotesquerie, with its mingling of pathos and ribald mockery so closely allied to the spirit that produced "The night before Larry was stretched," and be unable to see either its value or its genuineness."
This spirited air almost forgotten in Ireland blossomed into new popularity during the American Civil War, and, after its arrangement by a master hand - Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore - it became a great favorite with military and volunteer bands. Parodies on the original song such as 'When Johnny comes marching home again', 'Johnny fill up the bowl' etc., were sung to it by the Union soldiers. After the manner of the "Loobeens" and occupational songs of olden days in Ireland, additional verses were improvised, some possibly crude, yet always mirth-provoking, and well-calculated to keep up their spirits on the march, or relieve the monotony of camp life. The circumstance of its arrangement as above stated no doubt led Adair FitzGerald to refer to it in his Stories of Famous Songs in qualified words: When Johnny comes marching home again, said to have been composed by the celebrated Patrick S. Gilmore. The latter, a native of Dublin quite probably had memorized the tune in his youth. The original, it may be observed, included a refrain of four lines not found in the parodies."
From Ballad Index: Patrick S. Gilmore was the real name for Louis Lambert, given as author of 'When Johnny Comes Marching Home'. Scholars continue to argue whether "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" or the doleful "Johnny, I Hardly Knew Ye" is the original. "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" can be firmly dated to the beginning of the Civil War, while "Johnny, I Hardly Knew Ye" does not appear until slightly later (1869) -- but as a traditional song. The earliest known printing is, in fact, that of "Johnny Fill Up the Bowl" (early 1863). If I were to make a guess, I think I would put "Johnny Fill Up the Bowl" first; it's a logical tune for Gillmore to steal (and some anonymous Irishman to turn into an anti-war song). But what do I know?
JOHNNY, FILL UP THE BOWL: (Lion Suas An Cupan A Seanin). AKA and see "Johnny, I Hardly Knew You/Ye." Irish, Air (6/8 time, "spirited"). A Minor. Standard. O'Neill (1850), 1979; No. 468, pg. 82.
Johnny Fill Up the Bowl is a catalog of the events of the Civil War with lyrics: "In Eighteen Hundred and Sixty One, Hurrah, Hurrah (or "Skiball" or "Football" or some such) The great rebellion is begun, and we'll all drink stone blind, Johnny, fill up the bowl." It’s early date is listed 1863.
HISTORY EVENTS: Apr 12, 1861 - Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter, opening the Civil War; Sept 23, 1862 - Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation published (to be formalized Jan. 1, 1863); Apr 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia surrenders; May 13, 1865 - General Edmund Kirby Smith surrenders all remaining Confederate forces.
SOURCES: Ceolas; Randolph 227, "In Eighteen Hundred and Sixty-One" (2 texts, 2 tunes); Amercian Memory Collection; Art Thieme, "In 1861" (on Thieme02)
Here are the lyrics to Johnny Fill Up the Bowl from the American Memory Collection:
Up Freeman, up and volunteer,
Hurrah, hurrah!
And crush Rebellion out this year,
Hurrah, hurrah!
Up-hoist our Country's glorious flag,
Down with the Confederate rag;
And we'll all drink stone blind,
Johnny, fill up the bowl.
The Conscription Act it now is passed,
Hurrah, hurrah!
And we'll be drafted all at last;
Hurrah, hurrah!
Five Hundred Thousand the latest call,
Wake up or we'll be ruined all;
And we'll all drink stone blind--
Johnny, fill up the bowl.
Soon from the distant shores of Maine,
Hurrah, hurrah!
To Georgia's distant sunny plain,
Hurrah, hurrah!
Our Flag shall wave o'er every fort,
O'er land and sea, and then we'll sport;
And we'll all drink stone blind--
Johnny fill up the bowl.
And when this cruel war is o'er,
Hurrah, hurrah!
We'll not discharge the Invalid Corps,
Hurrah, hurrah!
But to garrison forts or occupy,
A higher station till they die;
And we'll all drink stone blind--
Johnny fill up the bowl.
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